CI: Add support for Ubuntu 24.04 Docker and DEB builds #650

Job	Run time
check-skip	3s
Build Apache Cloudberry DEB	15m 7s
prepare-test-matrix-deb	2s
DEB Install Test Apache Cloudberry	4m 27s
ic-deb-good-opt-on	29m 37s
pax-ic-deb-good-opt-off	21m 24s
ic-deb-good-opt-off	24m 16s
ic-deb-gpcontrib	5m 11s
pax-ic-deb-good-opt-on	27m 12s
ic-deb-contrib	5m 17s
ic-cbdb-parallel	26m 2s
Generate Apache Cloudberry Build Report	5s
	2h 38m 43s

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