CI: Add support for Ubuntu 24.04 Docker and DEB builds #3613

Job	Run time
check-skip	3s
Build Apache Cloudberry RPM	12m 2s
prepare-test-matrix	3s
RPM Install Test Apache Cloudberry	1m 40s
pax-ic-isolation2-opt-on	23m 29s
ic-contrib	5m 38s
ic-cbdb-parallel	28m 46s
ic-singlenode	7m 33s
pax-ic-isolation2-opt-off	23m 14s
ic-gpcontrib	5m 6s
ic-isolation2-hot-standby	5m 23s
ic-resgroup-v2	21m 0s
ic-isolation2-crash	4m 17s
ic-good-opt-on	30m 4s
ic-parallel-retrieve-cursor	4m 11s
ic-isolation2	35m 41s
ic-expandshrink	4m 15s
ic-diskquota	10m 20s
pax-ic-good-opt-off	22m 42s
ic-fixme	3m 40s
pax-ic-good-opt-on	27m 51s
ic-good-opt-off	30m 3s
Generate Apache Cloudberry Build Report	3s
	5h 7m 4s

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