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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
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<meta name="description"
content="D³-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction">
<meta name="keywords" content="From Ideal to Real">
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<title>D³-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction</title>
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<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">D³-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction</h1>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://xcltql666.github.io/xcll.github.io/">Changliang Xia</a><sup>*</sup>,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://chengyou-jia.github.io/">Chengyou Jia</a><sup>*</sup>,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=C3ujEF0AAAAJ">Minnan Luo</a><sup>†</sup>,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8qX4Z5IAAAAJ">Zhuohang Dang</a>,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://github.com/King-Wood-Shen/Xin-Shen.github.io">Xin Shen</a>,
</span>
<span class="author-block">
<a href="https://jayce-ping.github.io/homepage">Bowen Ping</a>,
</span>
</div>
<div class="is-size-5 publication-authors">
<span class="author-block">Xi'an Jiaotong University</span>
<br>
<span class="eql-cntrb"><small><sup>*</sup>Equal Contribution.</small></span>
<span class="eql-cntrb"><small><sup>†</sup>Corresponding Author.</small></span>
</div>
<div class="column has-text-centered">
<div class="publication-links">
<!-- PDF Link. -->
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.07062"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
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<i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>
</span>
<span>Paper</span>
</a>
</span>
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07062"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
<span class="icon">
<i class="ai ai-arxiv"></i>
</span>
<span>arXiv</span>
</a>
</span>
<span class="link-block">
<a href="https://github.com/X-GenGroup/D3-Predictor"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
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<i class="fab fa-github"></i>
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<span>Code</span>
</a>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/X-GenGroup/d3-predictor-model"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/front/assets/huggingface_logo-noborder.svg" alt="Hugging Face" style="height: 1em;">
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<span>Model</span>
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<a href="https://huggingface.co/collections/X-GenGroup/d3-predictor-data"
class="external-link button is-normal is-rounded is-dark">
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<img src="https://huggingface.co/front/assets/huggingface_logo-noborder.svg" alt="Hugging Face" style="height: 1em;">
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<span>Dataset</span>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section hero" style="padding-bottom: 0;">
<div class="section has-text-centered" style="margin-top: -6em;">
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px;">
<img src="static/images/more.png" alt="Logo" style="height: 28px;">
<h2 class="title is-3 has-text-centered" style="margin: 0;">Demos and Comparison</h2>
</div>
<div class="buttons is-centered" id="demo-buttons">
<button class="button is-info is-active" onclick="showDemoImage('adverse', 0)">Depth Estimation</button>
<button class="button is-info" onclick="showDemoImage('city', 1)">Surface Normal Estimation</button>
<button class="button is-info" onclick="showDemoImage('medical', 2)">Image Matting</button>
<button class="button is-info" onclick="showDemoImage('eco', 3)">Real-World Applications (1)</button>
<button class="button is-info" onclick="showDemoImage('safety', 4)">Real-World Applications (2)</button>
</div>
<div id="demo-image-container" style="margin-top: 1.5em; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 700px; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0em; overflow: hidden;">
</div>
</div>
<style>
#demo-buttons .button.is-active {
background-color: #23527c !important;
color: #fff !important;
box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(35,82,124,0.25), 0 1.5px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
border: 2px solid #16324a;
transition: box-shadow 0.2s, border 0.2s, background 0.2s;
}
.demo-image {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
max-width: 60%;
max-height: 90%;
height: auto;
opacity: 0;
transition: opacity 0.6s ease-in-out;
}
.demo-image.active {
opacity: 1;
}
.demo-image.fade-out {
opacity: 0;
}
</style>
<script>
const demoData = [
{type: 'adverse', img: 'static/images/proj_depth_page-0001.jpg', alt: 'Depth Estimation'},
{type: 'city', img: 'static/images/proj_normal_page-0001.jpg', alt: 'Surface Normal Estimation'},
{type: 'medical', img: 'static/images/proj_matting_page-0001.jpg', alt: 'Image Matting'},
{type: 'eco', img: 'static/images/crop_1_page-0001.jpg', alt: 'Real-World Applications (1)'},
{type: 'safety', img: 'static/images/crop_2_page-0001.jpg', alt: 'Real-World Applications (2)'}
];
let currentDemoIndex = 0;
let autoSwitchTimer = null;
let isSwitching = false; // 标志位,防止切换过程中再次切换
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
showDemoImage('adverse', 0, true);
});
function showDemoImage(type, idx, restartTimer = true) {
// 如果正在切换中,忽略本次切换请求
if (isSwitching) {
return;
}
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('#demo-buttons .button');
btns.forEach((btn, i) => {
if(i === idx) btn.classList.add('is-active');
else btn.classList.remove('is-active');
});
const demo = demoData.find(d => d.type === type);
const container = document.getElementById('demo-image-container');
const oldImg = container.querySelector('.demo-image.active');
// 如果是同一张图片,不需要切换
if (oldImg && oldImg.src.endsWith(demo.img)) {
currentDemoIndex = idx;
if (restartTimer) {
scheduleAutoSwitch();
}
return;
}
// 设置切换标志位
isSwitching = true;
// 创建新图片元素
const newImg = document.createElement('img');
newImg.className = 'demo-image';
newImg.src = demo.img;
newImg.alt = demo.alt;
// 先加载新图片,加载完成后再开始动画
newImg.onload = function() {
// 先将新图片添加到容器(但opacity为0,不可见)
container.appendChild(newImg);
// 强制重排,确保新图片已添加到DOM
void newImg.offsetWidth;
// 如果有旧图片,先让它淡出
if (oldImg) {
oldImg.classList.add('fade-out');
}
// 下一帧开始淡入新图片(与旧图片淡出同时进行)
requestAnimationFrame(() => {
newImg.classList.add('active');
// 动画完成后移除旧图片并清除切换标志位
setTimeout(() => {
if (oldImg && oldImg.parentNode) {
oldImg.remove();
}
isSwitching = false;
}, 600); // 与CSS transition时间一致
});
};
// 如果图片已经在缓存中,onload可能不会触发,所以也检查complete
if (newImg.complete) {
newImg.onload();
} else {
// 如果图片加载失败,至少显示新图片
newImg.onerror = function() {
if (oldImg) {
oldImg.remove();
}
container.appendChild(newImg);
newImg.classList.add('active');
isSwitching = false;
};
}
currentDemoIndex = idx;
// 启动/重启自动切换定时器
if (restartTimer) {
scheduleAutoSwitch();
}
}
function scheduleAutoSwitch() {
if (autoSwitchTimer) {
clearInterval(autoSwitchTimer);
}
autoSwitchTimer = setInterval(() => {
const nextIndex = (currentDemoIndex + 1) % demoData.length;
const nextDemo = demoData[nextIndex];
showDemoImage(nextDemo.type, nextIndex, false);
}, 3000);
}
</script>
</section>
<section class="section" style="padding-top: 0;">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px; margin-top: 0em;">
<img src="static/images/abstract.png" alt="Logo" style="height: 34px;">
<h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
</div>
<div class="content has-text-justified">
<p>
Although diffusion models with strong visual priors have emerged as powerful dense prediction backboens, they overlook a core limitation: the stochastic noise at the core of diffusion sampling is inherently misaligned with dense prediction that requires a deterministic mapping from image to geometry. In this paper, we show that this stochastic noise corrupts fine-grained spatial cues and pushes the model toward timestep-specific noise objectives, consequently destroying meaningful geometric structure mappings. To address this, we introduce <strong>D³-Predictor</strong>, a noise-free deterministic framework built by reformulating a pretrained diffusion model without stochasticity noise. Instead of relying on noisy inputs to leverage diffusion priors, D³-Predictor views the pretrained diffusion network as an ensemble of timestep-dependent visual experts and self-supervisedly aggregates their heterogeneous priors into a single, clean, and complete geometric prior. Meanwhile, we utilize task-specific supervision to seamlessly adapt this noise-free prior to dense prediction tasks. Extensive experiments on various dense prediction tasks demonstrate that D³-Predictor achieves competitive or state-of-the-art performance in diverse scenarios. In addition, it requires less than half the training data previously used and efficiently performs inference in a single step.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section class="hero is-small">
<div class="hero-body">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-full">
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 32px;">
<img src="static/favicon_io/logo3.png" alt="Logo" style="height: 48px;">
<h2 class="title is-3">D³-Predictor Architecture</h2>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="static/images/method8.jpg" width="90%" alt="ap-clip" />
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-left" style="font-size: 16px;">
<strong>Overview of the D³-Predictor.</strong> (a) We reformulate the pretrained diffusion model into a noise-free framework to better suit dense prediction tasks, without compromising the diffusion prior with minimal overhead. (b) The D³-Predictor takes a clean image as input and produces an accurate prediction with impressive geometric details in a single step.
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section" id="BibTeX">
<div class="container is-max-desktop content">
<h2 class="title">BibTeX</h2>
<p>If you find our paper or code useful for your research, please consider citing our work.</pp>
<br>
<pre><code>@misc{xia2025mathrmdmathrm3predictornoisefreedeterministicdiffusion,
title={D³-Predictor: Noise-Free Deterministic Diffusion for Dense Prediction},
author={Changliang Xia and Chengyou Jia and Minnan Luo and Zhuohang Dang and Xin Shen and Bowen Ping},
year={2025},
eprint={2512.07062},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07062},
}</code></pre>
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