wpdb: catch mysqli exceptions in _do_query() #24220

Job	Run time
Core running from build / Linux	2m 42s
Core running from src / Linux	2m 43s
Core running from src / Windows	5m 5s
Core running from src / MacOS	2m 58s
Core running from build / MacOS	3m 47s
Core running from build / Windows	4m 59s
Failed workflow tasks	-1s
Slack Notifications	-1s
	22m 12s

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