diff --git a/Intro2Python/Module1-DataTypes.ipynb b/Intro2Python/Module1-DataTypes.ipynb
index fc104f6..7748ecc 100644
--- a/Intro2Python/Module1-DataTypes.ipynb
+++ b/Intro2Python/Module1-DataTypes.ipynb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
        "239"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 4,
+     "execution_count": 7,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
        "2"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 5,
+     "execution_count": 3,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 8,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 11,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
      "text": [
       "Hello world!\n",
       "This is my text\n",
+      "My first message is: Hello world! and my second message is: This is my text\n",
       "My first message is: Hello world! and my second message is: This is my text\n"
      ]
     }
@@ -148,7 +149,8 @@
     "\n",
     "print(e)\n",
     "print(my_text)\n",
-    "print(f\"My first message is: {e} and my second message is: {my_text}\") #this is an f-string"
+    "print(f\"My first message is: {e} and my second message is: {my_text}\") #this is an f-string\n",
+    "print(\"My first message is:\", e, \"and my second message is:\",my_text)"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 12,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[6], line 3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m#try to change the strings\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(e[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]) \u001b[38;5;66;03m#Call the first character of the e string from above\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0m \u001b[43me\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mh\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m  \u001b[38;5;66;03m# This will raise an error because strings are immutable\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[12], line 3\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;66;03m#try to change the strings\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(e[\u001b[38;5;241m0\u001b[39m]) \u001b[38;5;66;03m#Call the first character of the e string from above\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0m \u001b[43me\u001b[49m\u001b[43m[\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m0\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m]\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124mh\u001b[39m\u001b[38;5;124m'\u001b[39m  \u001b[38;5;66;03m# This will raise an error because strings are immutable\u001b[39;00m\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'str' object does not support item assignment"
      ]
     }
@@ -197,7 +199,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 13,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -235,27 +237,27 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 15,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "180"
+       "10"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 9,
+     "execution_count": 15,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "2 * 9*10"
+    "2 * 5"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 20,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@
       "The data type of variable 'a' is: <class 'int'> \n",
       " the value is: 8\n",
       "The data type of variable 'b' is: <class 'float'> \n",
-      " the value is: 16.0\n"
+      " the value is: 24.0\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -275,14 +277,14 @@
     "#print the data type of variable 'a'\n",
     "print(\"The data type of variable 'a' is:\", type(a), \"\\n the value is:\", a) #the \\n adds a new line\n",
     "\n",
-    "b = 2.0 * a\n",
+    "b = 2.0 * a + a\n",
     "#print the data type of variable 'b'\n",
     "print(f\"The data type of variable 'b' is: {type(b)} \\n the value is: {b}\") #using an f-string"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 23,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -290,18 +292,18 @@
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
       "The data type of variable 'c' is: <class 'float'> \n",
-      " the value is: 0.4\n"
+      " the value is: 4.8\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "c = 2 / 5\n",
+    "c = b / 5\n",
     "print(f\"The data type of variable 'c' is: {type(c)} \\n the value is: {c}\") #using an f-string, we divide two integers and get a float"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 24,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 14,
+   "execution_count": 25,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -369,7 +371,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 15,
+   "execution_count": 26,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -378,7 +380,7 @@
        "8"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 15,
+     "execution_count": 26,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -404,7 +406,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 16,
+   "execution_count": 27,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -434,7 +436,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 17,
+   "execution_count": 28,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -460,7 +462,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 20,
+   "execution_count": 29,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -469,13 +471,13 @@
        "'Cool Hydrology'"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 20,
+     "execution_count": 29,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "'Cool ' + 'Hydrology' # concatenation of strings, the ' ' adds a space between the two strings"
+    "'Cool' + ' ' + 'Hydrology' # concatenation of strings, the ' ' adds a space between the two strings"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -487,22 +489,22 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 22,
+   "execution_count": 31,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "'aaaaaaaaaa'"
+       "'magmagmag'"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 22,
+     "execution_count": 31,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "'a' * 10 # string repetition, this will repeat the string 'a' three times resulting in 'aaa'"
+    "'mag' * 3 # string repetition, this will repeat the string 'a' three times resulting in 'aaa'"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -514,7 +516,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 23,
+   "execution_count": 32,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -524,7 +526,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[23], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43ma\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m/\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m3\u001b[39;49m    \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Division results in error, you cannot divide a string by a number\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[32], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43ma\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m/\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m3\u001b[39;49m    \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Division results in error, you cannot divide a string by a number\u001b[39;00m\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'int'"
      ]
     }
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 24,
+   "execution_count": 33,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -545,7 +547,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[24], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43ma\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m-\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mb\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m    \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Subtraction results in error\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[33], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43ma\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m-\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43mb\u001b[39;49m\u001b[38;5;124;43m'\u001b[39;49m    \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Subtraction results in error\u001b[39;00m\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'"
      ]
     }
@@ -570,7 +572,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 25,
+   "execution_count": 34,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -592,20 +594,20 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 27,
+   "execution_count": 39,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "Division: a / b = 2 / 27 = 0.07407\n"
+      "Division: a / b = 2 / 27 = 0.0740740741\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
     "# f-strings with formatting for number of decimal places\n",
-    "print(f'Division: a / b = {a} / {b} = {a/b:.5f}')   # The part ':.xf' specfifies 'x' decimals to be printed, in this case 3 decimals"
+    "print(f'Division: a / b = {a} / {b} = {a/b:.10f}')   # The part ':.xf' specfifies 'x' decimals to be printed, in this case 3 decimals"
    ]
   },
   {
@@ -617,7 +619,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 28,
+   "execution_count": 40,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -642,27 +644,27 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 26,
+   "execution_count": 42,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "data": {
       "text/plain": [
-       "3"
+       "6"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 26,
+     "execution_count": 42,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "len('aaa') # returns the length of the string, in this case 3"
+    "len('magnus') # returns the length of the string, in this case 3"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 29,
+   "execution_count": 44,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -671,7 +673,7 @@
        "7"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 29,
+     "execution_count": 44,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -690,7 +692,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 30,
+   "execution_count": 50,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -699,7 +701,7 @@
        "29"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 30,
+     "execution_count": 50,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -722,7 +724,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 31,
+   "execution_count": 51,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -755,7 +757,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 32,
+   "execution_count": 52,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -792,7 +794,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 33,
+   "execution_count": 58,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -801,18 +803,18 @@
        "False"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 33,
+     "execution_count": 58,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "name.endswith('g')"
+    "name.endswith('x')"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 34,
+   "execution_count": 56,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -821,7 +823,7 @@
        "True"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 34,
+     "execution_count": 56,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -832,7 +834,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 35,
+   "execution_count": 57,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -841,7 +843,7 @@
        "True"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 35,
+     "execution_count": 57,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -871,7 +873,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 36,
+   "execution_count": 59,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -887,7 +889,7 @@
        "3"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 36,
+     "execution_count": 59,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -899,7 +901,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 37,
+   "execution_count": 60,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -908,7 +910,7 @@
        "1"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 37,
+     "execution_count": 60,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -926,7 +928,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 38,
+   "execution_count": 61,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -935,7 +937,7 @@
        "3"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 38,
+     "execution_count": 61,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -946,7 +948,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 39,
+   "execution_count": 62,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -955,7 +957,7 @@
        "0"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 39,
+     "execution_count": 62,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -983,10 +985,24 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "62"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s = \"Utah's SNOTEL sites are recording below average snow this year\"\n",
+    "len(s)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -998,10 +1014,23 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "True"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.endswith('year')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -1019,10 +1048,20 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "There are 62 SNOTEL sites in Utah.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "print(f'There are {len(s)} SNOTEL sites in Utah.')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -1034,10 +1073,23 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.count(\"e\")"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -1055,10 +1107,24 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "SNOTEL in situ monitoring sites support regional water management activities\n",
+      "USGE in situ monitoring sites support regional water management activities\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "string1 = 'SNOTEL in situ monitoring sites support regional water management activities'\n",
+    "print(string1)\n",
+    "string2 = string1.replace('SNOTEL', 'USGE')\n",
+    "print(string2)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -1076,7 +1142,7 @@
  "metadata": {
   "hide_input": false,
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/Intro2Python/Module2-Conditionals.ipynb b/Intro2Python/Module2-Conditionals.ipynb
index a598273..a070b51 100644
--- a/Intro2Python/Module2-Conditionals.ipynb
+++ b/Intro2Python/Module2-Conditionals.ipynb
@@ -143,10 +143,24 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "String has more than 100 characters\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "string = 'There are approximately 114 SNOTEL sites in Utah, as a part of the Natural Resouces Conservation Service (NRCS) and ~150 USGS NWIS streamflow monitoring gages.'\n",
+    "if len(string) > 100:\n",
+    "    print(\"String has more than 100 characters\")\n",
+    "else:\n",
+    "    print(\"String has less than or exactly 100 characters\")"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -158,10 +172,23 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "24"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "string.count(' ')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -178,23 +205,43 @@
     "Convert this pseudo code to a Python program:\n",
     "\n",
     "```python\n",
-    "if there are more occurrences of letter1 than letter2 in string:\n",
-    "    print(\"There are more {insert_letter1} than {insert_letter2} \")\n",
+    "if len(letter1) > len(letter2):    #there are more occurrences of letter1 than letter2 in string:\n",
+    "    print(\"{letter1} is larger than {letter2}\")\n",
     "    \n",
-    "elif there are more occurrences of letter2 than letter1 in string:\n",
-    "    print(\"There are more {insert_letter2} than {insert_letter1} \")\n",
+    "elif len(letter1) < len(letter2):    #there are more occurrences of letter2 than letter1 in string:\n",
+    "    print(\"{letter2} is larger than {letter1}\")\n",
     "\n",
     "else:\n",
-    "    print(\"There are exactly the same number {insert_letter1} and {insert_letter2}\")\n",
+    "    print(\"{letter1} and {letter2} are equal in number\")\n",
     "```"
    ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 19,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The variable known as letter2: {'SNOTEL sites'}  has a length of 12 which is larger than letter1: {'USGS sites'}  which has a length of 10\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def check_relation(letter1, letter2):\n",
+    "    if len(letter1) > len(letter2):    #there are more occurrences of letter1 than letter2 in string:\n",
+    "        print(\"The variable known as letter1:\",{letter1},\" has a length of\",len(letter1),\"which is larger than letter2:\",{letter2},\" which has a length of\",len(letter2))\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    elif len(letter1) < len(letter2):    #there are more occurrences of letter2 than letter1 in string:\n",
+    "        print(\"The variable known as letter2:\",{letter2},\" has a length of\",len(letter2),\"which is larger than letter1:\",{letter1},\" which has a length of\",len(letter1))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    else:\n",
+    "        print(\"The variables known as letter1:\",{letter1},\" and letter2:\",{letter2},\" are equal in length with a length of\",len(letter1))  \n",
+    "\n",
+    "check_relation('USGS sites', 'SNOTEL sites')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -207,10 +254,37 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 20,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The variable known as letter1: {'Very Long Message'}  has a length of 17 which is larger than letter2: {'Short Message'}  which has a length of 13\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "check_relation('Very Long Message', 'Short Message')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The variables known as letter1: {'Four'}  and letter2: {'Five'}  are equal in length with a length of 4\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "check_relation('Four', 'Five')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -228,7 +302,7 @@
  "metadata": {
   "hide_input": false,
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/Intro2Python/Module3-DataStructures.ipynb b/Intro2Python/Module3-DataStructures.ipynb
index 5d8b103..b06fdff 100644
--- a/Intro2Python/Module3-DataStructures.ipynb
+++ b/Intro2Python/Module3-DataStructures.ipynb
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[11], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m s1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mset\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m32\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m3\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m86\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m6\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m8\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Differnt than the dict() function, we cannot use set() to make a set from integer values directly\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m s1\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[4], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m s1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mset\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m32\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m3\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m1\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m86\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m6\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[43m \u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m8\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Differnt than the dict() function, we cannot use set() to make a set from integer values directly\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m s1\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: set expected at most 1 argument, got 6"
      ]
     }
@@ -380,20 +380,20 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "List with duplicates: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 1]. It has 9 elements.\n",
+      "List with duplicates: [1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1]. It has 9 elements.\n",
       "Set s3 created from list_with_duplicates: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. It has 5 elements.\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
    "source": [
-    "list_with_duplicates = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 2, 3, 1] #create a list with duplicates\n",
+    "list_with_duplicates = [1, 2, 5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1] #create a list with duplicates\n",
     "print(f\"List with duplicates: {list_with_duplicates}. It has {len(list_with_duplicates)} elements.\")\n",
     "\n",
     "# Create a set of the list (which removed duplicates)\n",
@@ -810,10 +810,22 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "['Hi!', 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'hey']\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "L2 = ['Hi', 'Hello', 'Hi!', 'Hey', 'Hi', 'hey', 'Hey']\n",
+    "L2_unique = list(set(L2))\n",
+    "print(L2_unique)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -830,10 +842,27 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "2 122\n",
+      "3 535\n",
+      "t T\n",
+      "rum cola\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "d = {2: 122, 3: 535, 't': 'T', 'rum': 'cola'}\n",
+    "\n",
+    "for key in d:\n",
+    "    print(key, d[key])\n",
+    " "
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -850,10 +879,27 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 9,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "['HE210B', 'HE210A', 'HE200A']\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#Find the intersection of the two lists (elements that occur in both lists)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "s1 = ['HE170B', 'HE210B', 'HE190A', 'HE200A', 'HE210A', 'HE210A']\n",
+    "\n",
+    "s2 = ['HE200A', 'HE210A', 'HE240A', 'HE200A', 'HE210B', 'HE340A']\n",
+    "\n",
+    "intersection = list(set(s1) & set(s2))\n",
+    "print(intersection)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -871,7 +917,7 @@
  "metadata": {
   "hide_input": false,
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/Intro2Python/Module4-SlicingAndIndexing.ipynb b/Intro2Python/Module4-SlicingAndIndexing.ipynb
index d90a100..7d16fd8 100644
--- a/Intro2Python/Module4-SlicingAndIndexing.ipynb
+++ b/Intro2Python/Module4-SlicingAndIndexing.ipynb
@@ -314,10 +314,23 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "First element: 10\n",
+      "Last element: 60\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "L1 = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n",
+    "print(\"First element:\", L1[0])\n",
+    "print(\"Last element:\", L1[-1])"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -333,10 +346,21 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[20, 30, 40]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "extracted_list = L1[1:4]\n",
+    "print(extracted_list)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -354,7 +378,7 @@
  "metadata": {
   "hide_input": false,
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/Intro2Python/Module5-LoopsComprehension.ipynb b/Intro2Python/Module5-LoopsComprehension.ipynb
index b5a4d26..a4dcefa 100644
--- a/Intro2Python/Module5-LoopsComprehension.ipynb
+++ b/Intro2Python/Module5-LoopsComprehension.ipynb
@@ -514,10 +514,25 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "23 squared is 529\n",
+      "73 squared is 5329\n",
+      "12 squared is 144\n",
+      "84 squared is 7056\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "n = [23, 73, 12, 84]\n",
+    "for i in n:\n",
+    "    print(f'{i} squared is {i**2}')"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -533,10 +548,22 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "[78.53975, 113.09724, 201.06176, 314.159, 490.87343749999997, 804.24704]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "diameters = [10, 12, 16, 20, 25, 32]\n",
+    "areas = [3.14159 * (d/2)**2 for d in diameters]\n",
+    "print(areas)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -551,10 +578,22 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The words with five characters are: ['Alpha', 'Bravo', 'Delta']\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "phonetic_alphabet = ['Alpha', 'Bravo', 'Charlie', 'Delta', 'Echo', 'Foxtrot']\n",
+    "five = [word for word in phonetic_alphabet if len(word) == 5]\n",
+    "print(\"The words with five characters are:\", five)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -572,7 +611,7 @@
  "metadata": {
   "hide_input": false,
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/1. Data Types.ipynb b/NumPy/1. Data Types.ipynb
index f6feb84..13a2064 100644
--- a/NumPy/1. Data Types.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/1. Data Types.ipynb	
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
        "17                   str_         U"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 2,
+     "execution_count": 3,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@
        "dtype('float32')"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 3,
+     "execution_count": 4,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
        "dtype('float32')"
       ]
      },
-     "execution_count": 4,
+     "execution_count": 5,
      "metadata": {},
      "output_type": "execute_result"
     }
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 8,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 9,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -502,10 +502,30 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 10,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Result with uint8: [4]\n",
+      "Result after casting: [260]\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Create uint8 array\n",
+    "arr = np.array([250], dtype=np.uint8)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "result = arr + 10\n",
+    "print(\"Result with uint8:\", result)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Fix by casting to a larger dtype\n",
+    "arr_fixed = arr.astype(np.int16)\n",
+    "fixed_result = arr_fixed + 10\n",
+    "print(\"Result after casting:\", fixed_result)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -525,10 +545,28 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 15,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "float64 bytes: 8000000\n",
+      "float16 bytes: 2000000\n",
+      "Memory ratio = 4.0\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Create arrays\n",
+    "arr64 = np.zeros(1_000_000, dtype=np.float64)\n",
+    "arr16 = np.zeros(1_000_000, dtype=np.float16)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"float64 bytes:\", arr64.nbytes)\n",
+    "print(\"float16 bytes:\", arr16.nbytes)\n",
+    "print(\"Memory ratio =\", arr64.nbytes / arr16.nbytes)\n"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -550,21 +588,36 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 16,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "The data type of the array is <U7\n",
-      "The updated array is ['Alexand' 'Bob' 'Charlie']\n",
-      "The re-created array is ['Alexandria' 'Bob' 'Charlie']\n",
-      "The data type of the array is <U11\n"
+      "dtype: <U7\n",
+      "After assignment: ['Alexand' 'Bob' 'Charlie']\n",
+      "Fixed array: ['Alexandria' 'Bob' 'Charlie']\n",
+      "dtype: <U10\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
-   "source": []
+   "source": [
+    "# Original array\n",
+    "names = np.array([\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charlie\"])\n",
+    "print(\"dtype:\", names.dtype)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Assign longer string\n",
+    "names[0] = \"Alexandria\"\n",
+    "print(\"After assignment:\", names)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Fix with explicit dtype\n",
+    "names_fixed = np.array([\"Alice\", \"Bob\", \"Charlie\"], dtype=\"U10\")\n",
+    "names_fixed[0] = \"Alexandria\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(\"Fixed array:\", names_fixed)\n",
+    "print(\"dtype:\", names_fixed.dtype)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -576,7 +629,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/2. Create an Array.ipynb b/NumPy/2. Create an Array.ipynb
index 8cd63b0..2b20a26 100644
--- a/NumPy/2. Create an Array.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/2. Create an Array.ipynb	
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "cells": [
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 5,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 7,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 6,
+   "execution_count": 10,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 7,
+   "execution_count": 11,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 9,
+   "execution_count": 12,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 10,
+   "execution_count": 13,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 11,
+   "execution_count": 14,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 12,
+   "execution_count": 15,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -355,22 +355,22 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 13,
+   "execution_count": 51,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "[[9.68970833e-317 0.00000000e+000 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310\n",
-      "  1.14051261e-310]\n",
-      " [1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310\n",
-      "  1.14051258e-310]\n",
-      " [1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310\n",
-      "  1.14051258e-310]\n",
-      " [1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310\n",
-      "  1.14051258e-310]\n",
-      " [1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310 1.14051258e-310\n",
+      "[[1.01345339e-316 0.00000000e+000 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310\n",
+      "  1.13409464e-310]\n",
+      " [1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310\n",
+      "  1.13409464e-310]\n",
+      " [1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310\n",
+      "  1.13409464e-310]\n",
+      " [1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310\n",
+      "  1.13409464e-310]\n",
+      " [1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310 1.13409464e-310\n",
       "  1.66006057e-321]]\n"
      ]
     }
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 14,
+   "execution_count": 52,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 53,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 17,
+   "execution_count": 54,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 19,
+   "execution_count": 55,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 32,
+   "execution_count": 56,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 57,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 58,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -565,9 +565,7 @@
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
       "[[0 1 2 0 1 2]\n",
-      " [3 4 5 3 4 5]\n",
-      " [0 1 2 0 1 2]\n",
-      " [3 4 5 3 4 5]]\n"
+      " [0 1 2 0 1 2]]\n"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -585,18 +583,13 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 59,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
      "name": "stdout",
      "output_type": "stream",
      "text": [
-      "[[0.69646919 0.28613933 0.22685145 0.55131477 0.71946897]\n",
-      " [0.42310646 0.9807642  0.68482974 0.4809319  0.39211752]\n",
-      " [0.34317802 0.72904971 0.43857224 0.0596779  0.39804426]\n",
-      " [0.73799541 0.18249173 0.17545176 0.53155137 0.53182759]\n",
-      " [0.63440096 0.84943179 0.72445532 0.61102351 0.72244338]]\n",
       "[[0.69646919 0.28613933 0.22685145 0.55131477 0.71946897]\n",
       " [0.42310646 0.9807642  0.68482974 0.4809319  0.39211752]\n",
       " [0.34317802 0.72904971 0.43857224 0.0596779  0.39804426]\n",
@@ -697,10 +690,32 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 3,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "arr_tuple nbytes: 24\n",
+      "arr_range nbytes: 1000\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Create array from a tuple\n",
+    "arr_tuple = np.array((10, 20, 30))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Create array using range 0–999\n",
+    "arr_range = np.array(range(1000))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Change data type to int8\n",
+    "arr_range = arr_range.astype(np.int8)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Report memory usage\n",
+    "print(\"arr_tuple nbytes:\", arr_tuple.nbytes)\n",
+    "print(\"arr_range nbytes:\", arr_range.nbytes)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -722,10 +737,30 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "['Kesler Pea' '10420' 'Kings Peak' 'Lone Peak']\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# Original list\n",
+    "mountains = [\"Superior\", \"10420\", \"Kings Peak\", \"Lone Peak\"]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Create array (default dtype)\n",
+    "arr = np.array(mountains)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Replace \"Superior\" with \"Kesler Peak\"\n",
+    "arr[0] = \"Kesler Peak\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Print result\n",
+    "print(arr)"
+   ]
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "markdown",
@@ -733,18 +768,11 @@
    "source": [
     "Next [Chapter](./3.%20Inspect%20an%20Array.ipynb)"
    ]
-  },
-  {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
-   "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
   }
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/3. Inspect an Array.ipynb b/NumPy/3. Inspect an Array.ipynb
index 413d0a9..9329537 100644
--- a/NumPy/3. Inspect an Array.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/3. Inspect an Array.ipynb	
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "cells": [
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
       "aligned:  True\n",
       "contiguous:  True\n",
       "fortran:  False\n",
-      "data pointer: 0x197d0a0\n",
+      "data pointer: 0x2a82d60\n",
       "byteorder:  little\n",
       "byteswap:  False\n",
       "type: int64\n",
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/4. Sampling Methods.ipynb b/NumPy/4. Sampling Methods.ipynb
index 0d19af7..bf37d36 100644
--- a/NumPy/4. Sampling Methods.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/4. Sampling Methods.ipynb	
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  "cells": [
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 1,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [],
    "source": [
@@ -411,23 +411,56 @@
    ]
   },
   {
-   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
    "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Shape: (10, 20)\n",
+      "Size: 200\n",
+      "Number of dimensions (ndim): 2\n",
+      "Data type (dtype): float64\n",
+      "Last element: 0.7798755458576239\n",
+      "With the new generator: 0.31032367290009477\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
    "source": [
-    "Next [Module](./5.%20Math%20Functions.ipynb)"
+    "# Reproducibility\n",
+    "np.random.seed(42)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Generate synthetic sensor data (10 sensors x 20 readings)\n",
+    "data = np.random.rand(10, 20)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Inspect properties\n",
+    "print(\"Shape:\", data.shape)\n",
+    "print(\"Size:\", data.size)\n",
+    "print(\"Number of dimensions (ndim):\", data.ndim)\n",
+    "print(\"Data type (dtype):\", data.dtype)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# Validate last element\n",
+    "print(\"Last element:\", data[-1, -1])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#New Generator\n",
+    "rng = np.random.default_rng(42)\n",
+    "data = rng.random((10, 20))\n",
+    "print(\"With the new generator:\", data[-1, -1])\n"
    ]
   },
   {
-   "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
    "metadata": {},
-   "outputs": [],
-   "source": []
+   "source": [
+    "Next [Module](./5.%20Math%20Functions.ipynb)"
+   ]
   }
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/5. Math Functions.ipynb b/NumPy/5. Math Functions.ipynb
index 55b1106..da111a1 100644
--- a/NumPy/5. Math Functions.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/5. Math Functions.ipynb	
@@ -762,16 +762,18 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 1,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
-     "name": "stdout",
-     "output_type": "stream",
-     "text": [
-      "fractional:  [0.85947941 0.77912359 0.79646157 0.47671458 0.52884718 0.26675636\n",
-      " 0.07553753 0.84070297 0.8926896  0.17344596]\n",
-      "integral:  [8. 0. 9. 2. 7. 5. 9. 8. 0. 5.]\n"
+     "ename": "NameError",
+     "evalue": "name 'np' is not defined",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[1], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m rs \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43mnp\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrandom\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mRandomState(\u001b[38;5;241m321\u001b[39m) \u001b[38;5;66;03m# create a random state object\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m arr1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m rs\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mrand(\u001b[38;5;241m10\u001b[39m) \u001b[38;5;241m*\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;241m10\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# create an array of 10 random numbers scaled by 10\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m fr, intg \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m np\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39mmodf(arr1) \u001b[38;5;66;03m# separate the fractional and integral parts\u001b[39;00m\n",
+      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'np' is not defined"
      ]
     }
    ],
@@ -928,7 +930,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/6. Sort an Array.ipynb b/NumPy/6. Sort an Array.ipynb
index 3455e6f..d911f89 100644
--- a/NumPy/6. Sort an Array.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/6. Sort an Array.ipynb	
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": null,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -58,7 +58,9 @@
    ],
    "source": [
     "# sort along the column and return a copy\n",
-    "print(np.sort(arr, axis=0))   \n",
+    "\n",
+    "arr2 = (np.sort(arr, axis=0))   \n",
+    "print(arr2) # sorted array\n",
     "print(\" \")\n",
     "print(arr)  # original array remains unsorted"
    ]
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
diff --git a/NumPy/7. Slicing & Indexing.ipynb b/NumPy/7. Slicing & Indexing.ipynb
index 87c4019..e3e1329 100644
--- a/NumPy/7. Slicing & Indexing.ipynb	
+++ b/NumPy/7. Slicing & Indexing.ipynb	
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 4,
+   "execution_count": 2,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
   },
   {
    "cell_type": "code",
-   "execution_count": 5,
+   "execution_count": 4,
    "metadata": {},
    "outputs": [
     {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
      "traceback": [
       "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
       "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
-      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[5], line 4\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m arr \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m np\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39marray(\u001b[38;5;28mrange\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;241m90\u001b[39m)) \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Create a numpy array with values from 0 to 99\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(arr)\n\u001b[0;32m----> 4\u001b[0m arr1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43marr\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mreshape\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Reshape the array to 10x10\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(arr1)\n",
+      "Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[4], line 4\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      2\u001b[0m arr \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m np\u001b[38;5;241m.\u001b[39marray(\u001b[38;5;28mrange\u001b[39m(\u001b[38;5;241m90\u001b[39m)) \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Create a numpy array with values from 0 to 99\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(arr)\n\u001b[0;32m----> 4\u001b[0m arr1 \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[43marr\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m.\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43mreshape\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m,\u001b[49m\u001b[38;5;241;43m10\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m \u001b[38;5;66;03m# Reshape the array to 10x10\u001b[39;00m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[38;5;28mprint\u001b[39m(arr1)\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: cannot reshape array of size 90 into shape (10,10)"
      ]
     }
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "p310env",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },