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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS RAM Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="Resource Access Manager (RAM) shares AWS resources across accounts. Shared subnets let other accounts launch EC2 in your VPC, shared TGWs enable routing changes, and shared Resolver rules redirect DNS.">
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</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/ram-card.webp" alt="AWS RAM Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/ram.svg" alt="AWS RAM Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS RAM Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">MULTI-ACCOUNT</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">Resource Access Manager (RAM) shares AWS resources across accounts. Shared subnets let other accounts launch EC2 in your VPC, shared TGWs enable routing changes, and shared Resolver rules redirect DNS.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">Subnets</div>
<div class="stat-label">Shared VPCs</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">TGW</div>
<div class="stat-label">Route Access</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">DNS</div>
<div class="stat-label">Resolver Rules</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Org-Wide</div>
<div class="stat-label">Auto-Share</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Resource Sharing Model</h4>
<p>RAM creates resource shares containing AWS resources (subnets, TGWs, Resolver rules, License Manager configs). Shares can target specific accounts, OUs, or the entire organization. Within an org, shares are auto-accepted without invitation.</p>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Shared VPC Subnets</h4>
<p>When subnets are shared, participant accounts can launch EC2 instances, RDS databases, and other resources directly in the owner account VPC. The participant sees the subnet but cannot modify VPC-level networking, creating a trust boundary issue.</p>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Organization-Wide Sharing</h4>
<p>EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization auto-accepts shares for all org accounts. RAM shares do not appear prominently in CloudTrail, and there is no native alerting when resources are shared with your account, creating visibility gaps.</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 80%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">8.0</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">RAM enables cross-account resource access that is difficult to audit. Shared subnets allow launching instances in other accounts VPCs, shared TGWs enable routing changes, and shared Resolver rules can redirect DNS queries.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Cross-Account Resource Abuse</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Launch EC2 instances in shared subnets of another account VPC</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Access shared Transit Gateway to manipulate routing</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Shared Route53 Resolver rules enable DNS redirection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Shared License Manager configs for lateral movement discovery</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Shared Glue catalogs expose data lake metadata</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Organization-Wide Exposure</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization auto-shares to all accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Create resource share targeting the entire org for broad access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Pending invitations can be re-sent after rejection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Accepted shares persist even after the acceptor leaves the org</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> No native alerting when new resources are shared with you</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Sharing Scope Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Organization-wide sharing enabled without controls</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Subnets shared with all accounts instead of specific OUs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> TGW shared without route table segmentation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Resolver rules shared broadly enabling DNS redirect</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No periodic audit of what is shared and with whom</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Visibility Gaps</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> RAM shares not included in regular security audits</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No alerting on CreateResourceShare events</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Shared resources not tagged for ownership tracking</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No inventory of resources shared WITH your account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> CloudTrail events for RAM not monitored</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Resource Shares</div>
<pre><code>aws ram get-resource-shares \\
--resource-owner SELF</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Shared Resources</div>
<pre><code>aws ram list-resources \\
--resource-owner SELF</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Principals (Who Has Access)</div>
<pre><code>aws ram list-principals \\
--resource-owner SELF</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Resources Shared With Me</div>
<pre><code>aws ram list-resources \\
--resource-owner OTHER-ACCOUNTS</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Resource Share Permissions</div>
<pre><code>aws ram list-resource-share-permissions \\
--resource-share-arn arn:aws:ram:us-east-1:123456789012:resource-share/abc123</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">🚨 Key Concepts</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Shared VPC Attack Surface</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Participant launches EC2 in owner VPC subnet directly</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Instance can reach all resources in the VPC via local routing</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Security groups in shared VPCs can reference each other</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Owner cannot see or manage participant instances</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Participant workloads inherit VPC-level network controls</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">DNS and Transit Sharing Risks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Shared Resolver rules forward DNS to attacker-controlled resolver</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> TGW sharing grants route table access for traffic manipulation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Shared resources remain accessible even if RAM share is modified</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> No resource-level permissions within a share (all or nothing)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Cross-region shares possible for some resource types</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">⚡ Persistence Techniques</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Resource Share Persistence</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Create share targeting entire org for auto-accept access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Share subnets to maintain network presence in target VPC</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Share TGW for persistent routing control</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Share Resolver rules for ongoing DNS redirect capability</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Resources in shared subnets persist even if share is revoked</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Stealthy Sharing</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> RAM shares generate minimal CloudTrail footprint</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Name shares innocuously (e.g., "SharedServices-Subnet")</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Share from compromised account to attacker account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Use org-level sharing to avoid invitation flow</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Modify existing shares to add attacker account as principal</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreateResourceShare - new share created</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> AssociateResourceShare - resource or principal added</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> AcceptResourceShareInvitation - share accepted</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization - org-wide sharing enabled</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DisassociateResourceShare - principal or resource removed</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> New resource shares targeting unknown accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Org-wide sharing enabled unexpectedly</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Subnets or TGWs shared outside normal pattern</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Resource shares created from unusual principals</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Resolver rules shared pointing to external DNS servers</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Create Resource Share (Org-Wide)</div>
<pre><code>aws ram create-resource-share \\
--name "SharedInfra" \\
--resource-arns arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:123456789012:subnet/subnet-abc123 \\
--principals arn:aws:organizations::123456789012:organization/o-abc123</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Accept Resource Share Invitation</div>
<pre><code>aws ram accept-resource-share-invitation \\
--resource-share-invitation-arn arn:aws:ram:us-east-1:123456789012:resource-share-invitation/abc123</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Enable Org-Wide Sharing</div>
<pre><code>aws ram enable-sharing-with-aws-organization</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Add Attacker Account to Existing Share</div>
<pre><code>aws ram associate-resource-share \\
--resource-share-arn arn:aws:ram:us-east-1:123456789012:resource-share/abc123 \\
--principals 999888777666</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Launch Instance in Shared Subnet</div>
<pre><code>aws ec2 run-instances \\
--image-id ami-0123456789abcdef0 \\
--instance-type t3.micro \\
--subnet-id subnet-shared-abc123 \\
--key-name attacker-key</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Enumerate All Shared Resources</div>
<pre><code>echo "=== Shared BY me ===" && aws ram list-resources --resource-owner SELF --query 'resources[].[type,arn]' --output table && echo "=== Shared WITH me ===" && aws ram list-resources --resource-owner OTHER-ACCOUNTS --query 'resources[].[type,arn]' --output table</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full RAM Access</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "ram:*",
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Full RAM access allows creating shares targeting any account, enabling org-wide sharing, and modifying existing shares</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read-Only RAM Audit</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"ram:Get*",
"ram:List*"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Read-only access for auditing resource shares without ability to create or modify them</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Can Enable Org-Wide Sharing</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"ram:EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization",
"ram:CreateResourceShare",
"ram:AssociateResourceShare"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Enables org-wide auto-accept sharing and can share any resource with any account in the organization</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - SCP Restrict RAM Actions</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Sid": "DenyRAMSharing",
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": [
"ram:CreateResourceShare",
"ram:EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization",
"ram:AssociateResourceShare"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringNotEquals": {
"aws:PrincipalArn": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/NetworkAdmin"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">SCP restricts RAM sharing to dedicated NetworkAdmin role, preventing unauthorized cross-account resource exposure</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Disable Org-Wide Sharing</h4>
<p>Do not enable EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization unless required. Use explicit account-level sharing instead.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>SCP Restrict RAM Actions</h4>
<p>Use SCPs to deny CreateResourceShare and AssociateResourceShare except for authorized roles.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔍</span>
<div>
<h4>Audit Shared Resources Regularly</h4>
<p>Periodically enumerate all resource shares and validate that each share is still needed and correctly scoped.</p>
<pre><code>aws ram get-resource-shares --resource-owner SELF \\
--query 'resourceShares[].[name,status]' \\
--output table</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🏷️</span>
<div>
<h4>Tag-Based Controls</h4>
<p>Use tag-based conditions in RAM policies to restrict which resources can be shared.</p>
<pre><code>"Condition": {"StringEquals": {
"ram:ResourceTag/Shareable": "true"
}}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔔</span>
<div>
<h4>Alert on RAM Events</h4>
<p>Create EventBridge rules for CreateResourceShare, EnableSharingWithAwsOrganization, and AcceptResourceShareInvitation.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📊</span>
<div>
<h4>Inventory What Is Shared With You</h4>
<p>Regularly check what resources other accounts have shared with you to detect unauthorized access.</p>
<pre><code>aws ram list-resources --resource-owner OTHER-ACCOUNTS \\
--query 'resources[].[type,arn,resourceShareArn]' \\
--output table</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS RAM Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>