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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS Organizations Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="AWS Organizations manages multiple AWS accounts with consolidated billing, SCPs, and centralized governance. Compromising the management account means total control over all member accounts.">
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</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/organizations-card.webp" alt="AWS Organizations Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/organizations.svg" alt="AWS Organizations Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS Organizations Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">MULTI-ACCOUNT</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">AWS Organizations manages multiple AWS accounts with consolidated billing, SCPs, and centralized governance. Compromising the management account means total control over all member accounts.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">CRITICAL</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">SCPs</div>
<div class="stat-label">Policy Control</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">OUs</div>
<div class="stat-label">Structure</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Root</div>
<div class="stat-label">Top Target</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Management Account</h4>
<p>The "root" account that created the organization. Has full control over all member accounts, can create/delete accounts, apply SCPs, and access any account via OrganizationAccountAccessRole.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Critical:</span> SCPs don't apply to management account - it's exempt from all restrictions</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Service Control Policies</h4>
<p>SCPs define maximum available permissions for member accounts. They're deny-by-default guardrails that can prevent even root users from performing certain actions.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Inheritance:</span> SCPs cascade from Root → OUs → Accounts. Most restrictive policy wins.</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 95%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">9.5</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">Organizations compromise is the ultimate privilege escalation. Management account access means control over all member accounts, billing, and the ability to bypass all SCPs.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Management Account Targets</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Compromise management account credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Exploit OrganizationAccountAccessRole</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Social engineer org admin users</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Abuse delegated administrator accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Target shared service accounts</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Cross-Account Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Role chain through trust relationships</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Abuse resource sharing (RAM)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Exploit cross-account S3/KMS policies</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Pivot via shared VPCs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Abuse SSO/Identity Center</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">🔓 SCP Bypass Techniques</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">SCP Limitations</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> SCPs don't affect management account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> SCPs don't apply to service-linked roles</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> SCPs allow global condition key bypass</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Resource-based policies may bypass SCPs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> AWS service actions exempt from SCPs</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Common SCP Gaps</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing deny for regions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Incomplete service coverage</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No protection for sts:AssumeRole</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Allowing wildcard principals</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing data exfiltration controls</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Describe Organization</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations describe-organization</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List All Accounts</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations list-accounts</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Organizational Units</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations list-roots && aws organizations list-organizational-units-for-parent --parent-id r-xxxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List SCPs</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations list-policies --filter SERVICE_CONTROL_POLICY</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get SCP Content</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations describe-policy --policy-id p-xxxxxxxx</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">From Member to Management</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Find role trusting management account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Exploit misconfigured trust policies</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Abuse delegated admin privileges</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Chain through shared service accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Exploit billing/cost management access</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">From Management Account</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> AssumeRole to any member account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Modify/delete SCPs to remove restrictions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Create new accounts with admin access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Modify OU structure for policy bypass</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Access all CloudTrail/Config data</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Key:</strong> OrganizationAccountAccessRole exists in every account created by Organizations - it trusts the management account.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">🔄 Lateral Movement</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Cross-Account Pivoting</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Role assumption chains</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Shared VPC peering/Transit Gateway</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Cross-account resource policies</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> RAM shared resources</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> SSO permission sets</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Data Access</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> S3 buckets with org condition keys</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> KMS keys shared across accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Secrets Manager cross-account access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> CloudWatch Logs cross-account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Central logging account access</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreateAccount - new account created</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> InviteAccountToOrganization - invite sent</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> AttachPolicy/DetachPolicy - SCP changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreatePolicy/UpdatePolicy - SCP modified</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> MoveAccount - account moved between OUs</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Unusual cross-account role assumptions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SCP modifications outside change windows</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> New accounts created unexpectedly</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> OrganizationAccountAccessRole usage</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Delegated admin changes</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Assume Role to Member Account</div>
<pre><code>aws sts assume-role \\
--role-arn arn:aws:iam::MEMBER_ACCOUNT:role/OrganizationAccountAccessRole \\
--role-session-name attacker</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List All Accounts for Targeting</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations list-accounts \\
--query 'Accounts[*].[Id,Name,Status]' \\
--output table</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Detach SCP to Remove Restrictions</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations detach-policy \\
--policy-id p-xxxxxxxx \\
--target-id ou-xxxx-xxxxxxxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Create Backdoor Account</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations create-account \\
--email attacker@evil.com \\
--account-name "Audit-Backup"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Find Cross-Account Roles</div>
<pre><code># From member account
aws iam list-roles --query 'Roles[?contains(AssumeRolePolicyDocument.Statement[].Principal.AWS, \`arn:aws:iam::MGMT_ACCOUNT\`)]'</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Enumerate SCPs on Target</div>
<pre><code>aws organizations list-policies-for-target \\
--target-id ACCOUNT_ID \\
--filter SERVICE_CONTROL_POLICY</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Weak SCP - Only Region Restriction</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "*",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringNotEquals": {
"aws:RequestedRegion": ["us-east-1", "us-west-2"]
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Only restricts regions - no protection against data exfil, privilege escalation, etc.</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Strong SCP - Comprehensive Protection</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Sid": "DenyLeavingOrg",
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": ["organizations:LeaveOrganization"],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Sid": "ProtectCloudTrail",
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": ["cloudtrail:DeleteTrail", "cloudtrail:StopLogging"],
"Resource": "*"
},
{
"Sid": "ProtectGuardDuty",
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": ["guardduty:DeleteDetector"],
"Resource": "*"
}
]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Prevents leaving org, disabling security services - defense in depth</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Missing - No Root User Restrictions</span>
</div>
<pre><code># No SCP to restrict root user actions
# Root can still:
# - Create access keys
# - Change account settings
# - Delete resources
# - Disable security controls</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">SCPs should restrict root user to emergency-only actions</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Root User Lockdown SCP</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "*",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringLike": {
"aws:PrincipalArn": "arn:aws:iam::*:root"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Denies all root user actions in member accounts - use IAM roles instead</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
<div>
<h4>Secure Management Account</h4>
<p>Minimal workloads, MFA on root, dedicated security controls, separate from daily operations.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📋</span>
<div>
<h4>Layered SCP Strategy</h4>
<p>Apply SCPs at multiple levels: Root, OUs, and individual accounts for defense in depth.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Restrict OrganizationAccountAccessRole</h4>
<p>Modify or replace the default role with stricter trust policies and conditions.</p>
<pre><code># Add condition to trust policy
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"aws:PrincipalTag/team": "platform"
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📊</span>
<div>
<h4>Monitor Organization API Calls</h4>
<p>Alert on CreateAccount, AttachPolicy, DetachPolicy, MoveAccount events.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🏢</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Delegated Administrators</h4>
<p>Delegate service administration to dedicated accounts instead of using management account.</p>
<pre><code>aws organizations register-delegated-administrator \\
--account-id 123456789012 \\
--service-principal guardduty.amazonaws.com</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>Prevent Account Departure</h4>
<p>SCP to deny LeaveOrganization prevents accounts from escaping controls.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS Organizations Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>