aws-security-cards/cards/html/identitycenter.html at main · TocConsulting/aws-security-cards · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS Identity Center Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="AWS Identity Center (formerly AWS SSO) provides centralized access to multiple AWS accounts and applications. A single compromised SSO credential grants access to every account in the organization via cached tokens.">
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</head>
<body>

<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
  <img src="../images/identitycenter-card.webp" alt="AWS Identity Center Security" />
</div>

<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
  <div class="header-content">
    <div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/identitycenter.svg" alt="AWS Identity Center Security" /></div>
    <div>
      <div>
        <span class="header-title">AWS Identity Center Security</span>
        <span class="header-badge">IDENTITY</span>
      </div>
      <p class="header-desc">AWS Identity Center (formerly AWS SSO) provides centralized access to multiple AWS accounts and applications. A single compromised SSO credential grants access to every account in the organization via cached tokens.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">All Accts</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Blast Radius</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">12 hrs</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Max Session</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">SAML/OIDC</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Federation</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">SSO Cache</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Token Theft</div>
        </div></div>

<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#a855f7;">&#x1F4CB;</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #a855f7;">SSO Portal &amp; Access</h4>
          <p>Identity Center provides a web portal where users authenticate once and access any assigned AWS account. The portal issues temporary credentials via GetRoleCredentials, with sessions lasting up to 12 hours by default.</p>

        </div>
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #a855f7;">Permission Sets</h4>
          <p>Permission Sets define the IAM policies applied when a user accesses an account. They create IAM roles in each target account. AdministratorAccess Permission Sets are common and grant full control over every assigned account.</p>

        </div>
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #a855f7;">Federation &amp; Identity Providers</h4>
          <p>Identity Center can federate with external IdPs via SAML 2.0 or OIDC. If the external IdP (Okta, Azure AD, etc.) is compromised, the attacker gains access to every AWS account in the organization through the trust chain.</p>

        </div></div></div>

<!-- Risk Assessment -->

<div class="section">
  <h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
  <div class="risk-gauge">
    <div class="risk-bar-container">
      <div class="risk-bar">
        <div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 95%;"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
    </div>
    <div class="risk-score">
      <div class="risk-score-value">9.5</div>
      <div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <p class="risk-desc">Identity Center is the single point of access for all AWS accounts. Compromising one SSO credential or the external IdP grants access to every account. Cached SSO tokens on disk enable offline credential theft.</p>
</div>

<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
        <h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Credential Theft</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Steal SSO cache tokens from ~/.aws/sso/cache/</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Browser session hijacking of SSO portal</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Phishing the SSO start URL login page</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Compromise external IdP (Okta, Azure AD) for full access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> SAML response interception and replay</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Permission Abuse</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> GetRoleCredentials chain across all assigned accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> AdministratorAccess Permission Set grants full admin</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Delegated admin creating backdoor permission sets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> SCIM provisioning abuse to create shadow users</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Session duration of 12 hours allows extended operations</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
        <h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Access Control Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> AdministratorAccess Permission Set assigned broadly</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> MFA not enforced for SSO login</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Session duration set to maximum 12 hours</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> No IP-based access restrictions on SSO portal</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Permission Sets not using inline policy boundaries</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Federation &amp; Provisioning</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> External IdP with weak MFA or no conditional access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> SCIM provisioning token never rotated</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Delegated admin account not sufficiently hardened</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> No monitoring of permission set changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Stale user assignments not cleaned up</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
        <h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Accessible Accounts</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso list-accounts \\
  --access-token &lt;sso-access-token&gt;</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Account Roles</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso list-account-roles \\
  --access-token &lt;sso-access-token&gt; \\
  --account-id 123456789012</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Permission Sets</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin list-permission-sets \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Describe Permission Set</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin describe-permission-set \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890 \\
  --permission-set-arn arn:aws:sso:::permissionSet/ssoins-1234567890/ps-abc123</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Account Assignments</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin list-account-assignments \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890 \\
  --account-id 123456789012 \\
  --permission-set-arn arn:aws:sso:::permissionSet/ssoins-1234567890/ps-abc123</code></pre>
        </div></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
        <h3 style="color: #c084fc;">🚨 Key Concepts</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">SSO Token Chain</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> SSO access token in ~/.aws/sso/cache/ grants multi-account access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> sso:ListAccounts reveals all accounts the user can access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> sso:ListAccountRoles shows available roles per account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> sso:GetRoleCredentials returns temporary IAM credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> One stolen token = credentials for every assigned account</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">IdP Compromise Impact</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> External IdP compromise = complete AWS organization compromise</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> SAML assertion forging creates arbitrary sessions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> OIDC token manipulation bypasses AWS-side controls</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> IdP admin can create new users with any permission set</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> No AWS-side control can prevent access if IdP is compromised</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
        <h3 style="color: #facc15;">⚡ Persistence Techniques</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Identity Persistence</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Create backdoor user in Identity Center directory</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Create new permission set with AdministratorAccess</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Assign backdoor user to all accounts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Add external IdP trust for attacker-controlled IdP</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> SCIM provisioning to auto-create users from external source</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Token &amp; Session Persistence</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Cache SSO tokens for extended access (up to 12 hours)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Use GetRoleCredentials to obtain IAM creds in each account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Create IAM access keys in target accounts for backup access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Modify permission set session duration to maximum</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Register additional MFA device on compromised user</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
        <h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreatePermissionSet - new permission set created</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateAccountAssignment - user assigned to account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> GetRoleCredentials - SSO credentials retrieved</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateUser - new user created in Identity Center</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> UpdatePermissionSet - permission set policies modified</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> GetRoleCredentials from unusual IPs or user agents</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> New permission sets with AdministratorAccess</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Account assignments to unknown users or groups</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> SSO logins from unusual geolocations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Permission set modifications outside change windows</li></ul></div></div>

<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">&#x1F4BB;</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Get Role Credentials (Pivot to Account)</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso get-role-credentials \\
  --access-token &lt;sso-access-token&gt; \\
  --account-id 123456789012 \\
  --role-name AdministratorAccess</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Create Backdoor Permission Set</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin create-permission-set \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890 \\
  --name &quot;ReadOnlyAudit&quot; \\
  --session-duration PT12H</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Attach Admin Policy to Permission Set</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin attach-managed-policy-to-permission-set \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890 \\
  --permission-set-arn arn:aws:sso:::permissionSet/ssoins-1234567890/ps-abc123 \\
  --managed-policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AdministratorAccess</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Assign User to All Accounts</div>
          <pre><code>aws sso-admin create-account-assignment \\
  --instance-arn arn:aws:sso:::instance/ssoins-1234567890 \\
  --target-id 123456789012 \\
  --target-type AWS_ACCOUNT \\
  --permission-set-arn arn:aws:sso:::permissionSet/ssoins-1234567890/ps-abc123 \\
  --principal-type USER \\
  --principal-id &lt;user-id&gt;</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Steal SSO Cache Token (Linux/Mac)</div>
          <pre><code>cat ~/.aws/sso/cache/*.json | python3 -c &quot;
import sys,json
for line in sys.stdin:
  d=json.loads(line)
  if 'accessToken' in d:
    print(d['accessToken'])&quot;</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Enumerate All Account Access</div>
          <pre><code>TOKEN=$(cat ~/.aws/sso/cache/*.json | jq -r 'select(.accessToken) | .accessToken' | head -1)
for acct in $(aws sso list-accounts --access-token $TOKEN --query 'accountList[].accountId' --output text); do
  echo &quot;=== Account: $acct ===&quot;
  aws sso list-account-roles --access-token $TOKEN --account-id $acct --query 'roleList[].roleName' --output text
done</code></pre>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F4DC;</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full SSO Admin</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Version&quot;: &quot;2012-10-17&quot;,
  &quot;Statement&quot;: [{
    &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
    &quot;Action&quot;: [
      &quot;sso:*&quot;,
      &quot;sso-directory:*&quot;,
      &quot;identitystore:*&quot;
    ],
    &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
  }]
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Full SSO access allows creating users, permission sets, and assigning admin access to all accounts</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read-Only SSO Monitoring</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Version&quot;: &quot;2012-10-17&quot;,
  &quot;Statement&quot;: [{
    &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
    &quot;Action&quot;: [
      &quot;sso:Describe*&quot;,
      &quot;sso:List*&quot;,
      &quot;sso:Get*&quot;,
      &quot;sso-directory:Describe*&quot;,
      &quot;sso-directory:List*&quot;
    ],
    &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
  }]
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Read-only access for security auditing without ability to modify access</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Delegated Admin Without Guardrails</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Version&quot;: &quot;2012-10-17&quot;,
  &quot;Statement&quot;: [{
    &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
    &quot;Action&quot;: [
      &quot;sso:CreatePermissionSet&quot;,
      &quot;sso:CreateAccountAssignment&quot;,
      &quot;sso:AttachManagedPolicyToPermissionSet&quot;
    ],
    &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
  }]
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Delegated admin can create permission sets with AdministratorAccess and assign them to any account</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - SCP Restrict SSO Modifications</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Version&quot;: &quot;2012-10-17&quot;,
  &quot;Statement&quot;: [{
    &quot;Sid&quot;: &quot;DenySSOMod&quot;,
    &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Deny&quot;,
    &quot;Action&quot;: [
      &quot;sso:CreatePermissionSet&quot;,
      &quot;sso:DeletePermissionSet&quot;,
      &quot;sso:CreateAccountAssignment&quot;,
      &quot;sso:DeleteAccountAssignment&quot;
    ],
    &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;,
    &quot;Condition&quot;: {
      &quot;StringNotEquals&quot;: {
        &quot;aws:PrincipalOrgMasterAccountId&quot;: &quot;${'${'}aws:PrincipalAccount}&quot;
      }
    }
  }]
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">SCP restricts SSO modifications to the management account only, preventing delegated admin abuse</p>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F6E1;&#xFE0F;</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Enforce MFA on All SSO Users</h4>
              <p>Require MFA at the Identity Center level and at the external IdP for defense in depth.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">⏱️</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Reduce Session Duration</h4>
              <p>Set session duration to 1 hour instead of the default 12 hours to limit credential exposure.</p>
              <pre><code>aws sso-admin update-permission-set \\
  --instance-arn &lt;instance-arn&gt; \\
  --permission-set-arn &lt;ps-arn&gt; \\
  --session-duration PT1H</code></pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
            <div>
              <h4>SCP Restrict SSO Changes</h4>
              <p>Use SCPs to prevent member accounts from modifying Identity Center configuration.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">📡</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Monitor Permission Set Changes</h4>
              <p>Alert on CreatePermissionSet, CreateAccountAssignment, and AttachManagedPolicyToPermissionSet events.</p>
              <pre><code>aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \\
  --alarm-name SSOPermissionSetChange \\
  --metric-name SSOModification \\
  --namespace CustomSSO --threshold 1</code></pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Harden External IdP</h4>
              <p>Enable conditional access policies, phishing-resistant MFA (FIDO2), and anomaly detection on the IdP.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔍</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Audit SSO Token Cache</h4>
              <p>Monitor for unauthorized access to ~/.aws/sso/cache/ directory on developer workstations.</p>
              <pre><code>find ~/.aws/sso/cache/ -name '*.json' -mmin -60</code></pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
  <p>AWS Identity Center Security Card</p>
  <p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>