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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS Cognito Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="Amazon Cognito provides authentication, authorization, and user management for web and mobile applications. User Pools handle sign-up/sign-in, Identity Pools provide temporary AWS credentials.">
<style>
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
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font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
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/* Card Image */
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/* Overview */
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.overview-grid p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
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padding: 0.75rem;
font-size: 0.875rem;
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}
/* Risk Gauge */
.risk-gauge { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; }
.risk-bar-container { flex: 1; }
.risk-bar {
height: 1rem;
background: #0f172a;
border-radius: 999px;
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}
.risk-bar-fill {
height: 100%;
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background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eab308, #f97316, #ef4444);
}
.risk-labels { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.risk-score { text-align: center; }
.risk-score-value { font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: #f87171; }
.risk-score-label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; }
.risk-desc { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #94a3b8; }
/* Panels Grid */
.panels-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) { .panels-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .panels-grid, .stats-row, .overview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.panel {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
border-radius: 0.75rem;
border: 1px solid;
padding: 1.5rem;
}
.panel h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; }
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.note {
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}
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.cmd-block { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
.cmd-title { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
pre {
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white-space: pre-wrap;
word-break: break-all;
font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
}
/* Policies */
.policy-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
.policy-card {
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: 1px solid;
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}
.policy-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; font-size: 0.9rem; }
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.defense-card {
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.defense-card pre { color: #22d3ee; }
/* Footer */
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.footer a { color: #22d3ee; }
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.card-image,
.header,
.stat-card,
.stats-row,
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.panel,
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.attack-note,
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.risk-gauge,
.note {
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.section,
.panels-grid,
.card-image,
.header {
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@media print {
body { background: #0a0e1a; -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; }
/* Switch panels to 2-col for better page flow */
.panels-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
/* Switch commands and policies to single column to avoid splits */
.cmd-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.policy-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.defense-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/cognito-card.webp" alt="AWS Cognito Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/cognito.svg" alt="AWS Cognito Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS Cognito Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">IDENTITY</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">Amazon Cognito provides authentication, authorization, and user management for web and mobile applications. User Pools handle sign-up/sign-in, Identity Pools provide temporary AWS credentials.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">HIGH</div>
<div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">8+</div>
<div class="stat-label">Attack Vectors</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">JWT</div>
<div class="stat-label">Token Type</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">OAuth</div>
<div class="stat-label">Auth Flow</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#a855f7;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #a855f7;">User Pools</h4>
<p>User directories for sign-up/sign-in functionality. Issues JWT tokens (ID, Access, Refresh) for authenticated users. Supports MFA, password policies, and custom authentication flows.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#a855f7;">Key components:</span> App clients, Lambda triggers, groups, hosted UI, custom domains, resource servers</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #a855f7;">Identity Pools</h4>
<p>Federated identities that exchange tokens for temporary AWS credentials via STS. Supports authenticated and unauthenticated (guest) access with role mapping.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#a855f7;">Key components:</span> Identity providers, IAM roles, role mapping rules, attribute mapping, basic vs enhanced auth flow</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 80%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">8.0</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">Cognito misconfigurations can lead to unauthorized account access, privilege escalation via identity pools, and exposure of sensitive user data. Overly permissive unauthenticated roles are a critical risk.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">User Pool Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Self-registration abuse when enabled</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Client secret extraction from mobile apps</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> JWT token tampering if not validated</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Custom auth Lambda trigger bypass</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Password spraying against user pool</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Pre-token generation trigger manipulation</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Identity Pool Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Unauthenticated role privilege escalation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Role mapping rule bypass</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Cross-account identity federation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> GetCredentialsForIdentity abuse</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Developer-authenticated identity spoofing</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">User Pool Misconfigs</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Self-registration enabled without verification</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Weak password policy (min length, complexity)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> MFA not enforced for sensitive operations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Client secret not enabled for web apps</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Read/write attributes overly permissive</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Account recovery allows unverified users</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Identity Pool Misconfigs</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Unauthenticated identities enabled</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Overly permissive unauthenticated IAM role</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Authenticated role too privileged</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Basic auth flow instead of enhanced</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing role-based access control</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List User Pools</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp list-user-pools --max-results 60</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Describe User Pool</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp describe-user-pool --user-pool-id us-east-1_xxxxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List App Clients</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp list-user-pool-clients --user-pool-id us-east-1_xxxxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Identity Pools</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-identity list-identity-pools --max-results 60</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Identity Pool Roles</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-identity get-identity-pool-roles --identity-pool-id us-east-1:xxx-xxx</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">User Pool PrivEsc</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Modify user attributes to escalate privileges</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Self-add to admin groups if allowed</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Abuse custom attribute write permissions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Exploit Lambda triggers for code execution</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Identity Pool PrivEsc</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Get unauthenticated credentials, then escalate</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Abuse overly permissive authenticated role</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Token substitution for different identity provider</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Role mapping rule confusion attacks</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Key Technique:</strong> If unauthenticated access is enabled, get credentials with GetId + GetCredentialsForIdentity and check the IAM role permissions.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">🔄 Lateral Movement</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">From Cognito</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Use identity pool creds to access AWS services</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Enumerate S3 buckets with obtained credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Access DynamoDB tables storing user data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Invoke Lambda functions via obtained role</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Access API Gateway protected endpoints</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Data Exfiltration</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> List all users and export PII</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Extract custom attributes (SSN, addresses)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Dump user pool configurations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Access linked social identity data</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Extract refresh tokens for persistence</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> GetCredentialsForIdentity - credential retrieval</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> AdminCreateUser - admin user creation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> AdminSetUserPassword - password changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> CreateIdentityPool - new identity pool</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SetIdentityPoolRoles - role modification</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> UpdateUserPoolClient - client changes</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Spike in GetCredentialsForIdentity calls</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Multiple failed authentication attempts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> User attribute modifications at scale</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> New identity providers added</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Unusual geographic authentication patterns</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Unauthenticated Identity ID</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-identity get-id \\
--identity-pool-id us-east-1:xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx \\
--no-sign-request</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Credentials for Identity</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-identity get-credentials-for-identity \\
--identity-id us-east-1:xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx \\
--no-sign-request</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Sign Up New User (if enabled)</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp sign-up \\
--client-id <app-client-id> \\
--username attacker@evil.com \\
--password 'P@ssw0rd123!' \\
--no-sign-request</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Users in Pool</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp list-users \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxxxx</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get User Attributes</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp admin-get-user \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxxxx \\
--username victim@target.com</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Modify User Attributes</div>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp admin-update-user-attributes \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxxxx \\
--username victim@target.com \\
--user-attributes Name=custom:role,Value=admin</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Overly Permissive Unauthenticated Role</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"s3:*",
"dynamodb:*",
"lambda:InvokeFunction"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Unauthenticated role with broad permissions allows any visitor to access AWS resources</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Properly Scoped Unauthenticated Role</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": ["s3:GetObject"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::public-assets/*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Limited to read-only access on specific public bucket only</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous Authenticated Role</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"iam:*",
"sts:AssumeRole"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Authenticated users can escalate privileges via IAM and STS</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure Authenticated Role with Conditions</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": ["s3:*"],
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:s3:::user-data/\${cognito-identity.amazonaws.com:sub}/*"
]
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Users can only access their own data using identity-based path restrictions</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
<div>
<h4>Disable Unauthenticated Access</h4>
<p>Unless absolutely required, disable unauthenticated identities in identity pools.</p>
<pre><code>aws cognito-identity update-identity-pool \\
--identity-pool-id us-east-1:xxx \\
--identity-pool-name MyPool \\
--no-allow-unauthenticated-identities</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
<div>
<h4>Enforce MFA</h4>
<p>Require MFA for all users, especially for privileged operations.</p>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp set-user-pool-mfa-config \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxx \\
--mfa-configuration ON \\
--software-token-mfa-configuration Enabled=true</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
<div>
<h4>Restrict Attribute Access</h4>
<p>Limit which attributes users can read and write on app clients.</p>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp update-user-pool-client \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxx \\
--client-id xxx \\
--read-attributes email name \\
--write-attributes ""</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔍</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Advanced Security</h4>
<p>Enable advanced security features for risk-based adaptive authentication.</p>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp update-user-pool \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxx \\
--user-pool-add-ons AdvancedSecurityMode=ENFORCED</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🎫</span>
<div>
<h4>Use Client Secrets</h4>
<p>Enable client secrets for server-side applications to prevent client ID abuse.</p>
<pre><code># Generate secret during client creation
aws cognito-idp create-user-pool-client \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxx \\
--client-name SecureApp \\
--generate-secret</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">⚡</span>
<div>
<h4>Add Lambda Triggers</h4>
<p>Use pre-authentication and pre-token-generation triggers for custom validation.</p>
<pre><code>aws cognito-idp update-user-pool \\
--user-pool-id us-east-1_xxx \\
--lambda-config PreAuthentication=arn:aws:lambda:...:validate</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS Cognito Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>