aws-security-cards/cards/html/amplify.html at main · TocConsulting/aws-security-cards · GitHub

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AWS Amplify Security | AWS Security Cards</title>
<meta name="description" content="AWS Amplify hosts web apps and provides backend services. Security risks include environment variable exposure, API key leakage in JavaScript bundles, and build log secrets.">
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</style>
</head>
<body>

<!-- Card Image -->
<div class="card-image">
  <img src="../images/amplify-card.webp" alt="AWS Amplify Security" />
</div>

<!-- Header -->
<div class="header">
  <div class="header-content">
    <div class="header-icon"><img src="../icons/amplify.svg" alt="AWS Amplify Security" /></div>
    <div>
      <div>
        <span class="header-title">AWS Amplify Security</span>
        <span class="header-badge">FRONTEND</span>
      </div>
      <p class="header-desc">AWS Amplify hosts web apps and provides backend services. Security risks include environment variable exposure, API key leakage in JavaScript bundles, and build log secrets.</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- Stats -->
<div class="stats-row">
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #f87171;">MEDIUM</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Risk Level</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #4ade80;">Global</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Scope</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #60a5fa;">SPA/SSR</div>
          <div class="stat-label">App Types</div>
        </div>
        <div class="stat-card">
          <div class="stat-value" style="color: #c084fc;">CI/CD</div>
          <div class="stat-label">Deployment</div>
        </div></div>

<!-- Overview -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#06b6d4;">&#x1F4CB;</span> Service Overview</h2><div class="overview-grid">
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Amplify Hosting</h4>
          <p>Hosts static websites and SSR apps. Connects to GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket for CI/CD. Environment variables configured per branch. Builds run in AWS-managed containers.</p>
          <div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> Build logs often contain secrets. Environment variables can be exposed via client-side JavaScript if prefixed wrong.</div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <h4 style="color: #06b6d4;">Amplify Backend</h4>
          <p>Provisions AppSync, Cognito, S3, Lambda backends. amplify-cli generates aws-exports.js with pool IDs, API endpoints. Gen 2 uses CDK under the hood.</p>
          <div class="attack-note"><span style="color:#06b6d4;">Attack note:</span> aws-exports.js bundled in client exposes Cognito pool IDs, GraphQL endpoints, S3 buckets - recon goldmine</div>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Risk Assessment -->

<div class="section">
  <h2>Security Risk Assessment</h2>
  <div class="risk-gauge">
    <div class="risk-bar-container">
      <div class="risk-bar">
        <div class="risk-bar-fill" style="width: 60%;"></div>
      </div>
      <div class="risk-labels"><span>Low</span><span>Medium</span><span>High</span><span>Critical</span></div>
    </div>
    <div class="risk-score">
      <div class="risk-score-value">6.0</div>
      <div class="risk-score-label">Risk Score</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <p class="risk-desc">Amplify apps often expose sensitive configuration in client bundles. Build environments may leak credentials. Connected repos provide source code access. Backend misconfigurations enable data theft.</p>
</div>

<!-- Main Panels -->
<div class="panels-grid">
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #f8717133;">
        <h3 style="color: #f87171;">⚔️ Attack Vectors</h3><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Client-Side Exposure</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> API keys in JavaScript bundles</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> aws-exports.js configuration leak</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Environment variables in window object</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Source maps exposing code</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> GraphQL introspection enabled</li></ul><h4 style="color: #f87171;">Build/Deploy Attacks</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Build log secrets exposure</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> GitHub token from connection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> PR preview branch injection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> amplify.yml command injection</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #f87171;">&#x2022;</span> Webhook secret theft</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #fb923c33;">
        <h3 style="color: #fb923c;">⚠️ Misconfigurations</h3><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Environment Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> REACT_APP_ prefix exposes to client</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> NEXT_PUBLIC_ variables with secrets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Build-time secrets not cleared</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Same env vars for all branches</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Production secrets in preview branches</li></ul><h4 style="color: #fb923c;">Backend Issues</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Cognito allows self-signup</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> GraphQL auth rules too permissive</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> S3 bucket public access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> Lambda function role overly broad</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #fb923c;">&#x2022;</span> API Gateway no authorization</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #22d3ee33;">
        <h3 style="color: #22d3ee;">🔍 Enumeration</h3>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Apps</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify list-apps</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Get App Details</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify get-app --app-id APP_ID</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Branches</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify list-branches --app-id APP_ID</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Get Branch (includes env vars)</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify get-branch \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">List Jobs (build history)</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify list-jobs \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main</code></pre>
        </div></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #c084fc33;">
        <h3 style="color: #c084fc;">📈 Privilege Escalation</h3><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">From Client Exposure</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Cognito Pool ID → User enumeration</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> GraphQL endpoint → Data theft</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> API Key → Backend access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> S3 bucket → File access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Identity Pool → AWS credentials</li></ul><h4 style="color: #c084fc;">Escalation Paths</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> aws-exports.js → Cognito → Identity Pool → AWS creds</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Build logs → Database URL → Data access</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> GitHub connection → Repo access → Code secrets</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> GraphQL introspection → Schema → Data queries</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #c084fc;">&#x2022;</span> Preview branch → Inject code → Steal prod secrets</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #facc1533;">
        <h3 style="color: #facc15;">📊 Data Exposure</h3><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Client Bundle Secrets</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> AWS Cognito User Pool ID</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> AWS Cognito Identity Pool ID</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> GraphQL/AppSync endpoint</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> S3 bucket names</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> API Gateway URLs and keys</li></ul><h4 style="color: #facc15;">Build Environment</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> DATABASE_URL with credentials</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> STRIPE_SECRET_KEY</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> GITHUB_TOKEN</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID (anti-pattern)</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #facc15;">&#x2022;</span> Third-party API keys</li></ul></div>
      <div class="panel" style="border-color: #4ade8033;">
        <h3 style="color: #4ade80;">🛡️ Detection</h3><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">CloudTrail Events</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateApp - new app</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> UpdateApp - config changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> CreateBranch - new branch</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> StartJob - build triggered</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> GetBranch - env var access attempt</li></ul><h4 style="color: #4ade80;">Indicators of Compromise</h4><ul><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Unusual GetBranch API calls</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Build jobs from unknown IPs</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> New branches with suspicious names</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Environment variable changes</li><li><span class="bullet" style="color: #4ade80;">&#x2022;</span> Webhook modifications</li></ul></div></div>

<!-- Exploitation -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#f87171;">&#x1F4BB;</span> Exploitation Commands</h2><div class="cmd-grid">
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Get Environment Variables</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify get-branch \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main \\
  --query 'branch.environmentVariables'</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Download Build Artifacts</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify get-job \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main \\
  --job-id JOB_ID --query 'job.steps[*].artifactsUrl'</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Extract aws-exports.js (from deployed app)</div>
          <pre><code>curl https://app.example.com/aws-exports.js</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">GraphQL Introspection</div>
          <pre><code>curl -X POST GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT \\
  -H &quot;Content-Type: application/json&quot; \\
  -d '{&quot;query&quot;: &quot;{ __schema { types { name } } }&quot;}'</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Get Job Logs (build logs)</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify get-job \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main \\
  --job-id JOB_ID</code></pre>
        </div>
        <div class="cmd-block">
          <div class="cmd-title">Start Build (trigger deployment)</div>
          <pre><code>aws amplify start-job \\
  --app-id APP_ID --branch-name main \\
  --job-type RELEASE</code></pre>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Policies -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F4DC;</span> Policy Examples</h2><div class="policy-grid">
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Dangerous - Full Access</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;amplify:*&quot;,
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Full Amplify access - can read env vars, trigger builds, modify apps</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Read Only Monitoring</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: [
    &quot;amplify:ListApps&quot;,
    &quot;amplify:GetApp&quot;
  ],
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Only list and describe apps - no env var or build access</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #ef444433; background: rgba(239,68,68,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2717;</span>
            <span style="color: #f87171; font-weight: 600;">Risky - Branch Access</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Allow&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: [
    &quot;amplify:GetBranch&quot;,
    &quot;amplify:UpdateBranch&quot;
  ],
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Can read and modify environment variables</p>
        </div>
        <div class="policy-card" style="border-color: #22c55e33; background: rgba(34,197,94,0.05);">
          <div class="policy-header">
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-size: 1.2em;">&#x2713;</span>
            <span style="color: #4ade80; font-weight: 600;">Secure - Deny Env Var Access</span>
          </div>
          <pre><code>{
  &quot;Effect&quot;: &quot;Deny&quot;,
  &quot;Action&quot;: [
    &quot;amplify:GetBranch&quot;,
    &quot;amplify:UpdateBranch&quot;
  ],
  &quot;Resource&quot;: &quot;*&quot;,
  &quot;Condition&quot;: {
    &quot;StringNotEquals&quot;: {&quot;aws:PrincipalTag/team&quot;: &quot;devops&quot;}
  }
}</code></pre>
          <p class="policy-desc">Only DevOps team can access branch settings</p>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Defenses -->
<div class="section"><h2><span style="color:#4ade80;">&#x1F6E1;&#xFE0F;</span> Defense Recommendations</h2><div class="defense-grid">
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔐</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Use Secrets Manager</h4>
              <p>Store secrets in Secrets Manager, fetch at build time, don't expose to client.</p>
              <pre><code>aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id prod/db</code></pre>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🚫</span>
            <div>
              <h4>No Client-Side Secrets</h4>
              <p>Never prefix secrets with REACT_APP_, NEXT_PUBLIC_, or VITE_.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔒</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Separate Branch Environments</h4>
              <p>Use different secrets for preview vs production branches.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">📝</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Review Build Logs</h4>
              <p>Audit build logs for secret exposure. Use secret masking.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🛡️</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Cognito Security</h4>
              <p>Disable self-signup if not needed. Enable MFA. Use hosted UI.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="defense-card">
          <div class="defense-header">
            <span class="defense-icon">🔍</span>
            <div>
              <h4>Disable GraphQL Introspection</h4>
              <p>Disable introspection in production AppSync APIs.</p>

            </div>
          </div>
        </div></div></div>

<!-- Footer -->
<div class="footer">
  <p>AWS Amplify Security Card</p>
  <p style="margin-top:0.25rem;">Always obtain proper authorization before testing</p>
</div>

</body>
</html>