diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-macos-aarch64.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-macos-aarch64.yml
index 94259f316..b1e36f3cb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-macos-aarch64.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-macos-aarch64.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 
-name: Tribuo CI (macOS aarch64, Java SE 17, 21, 24)
+name: Tribuo CI (macOS aarch64, Java SE 17, 21, 25)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # test against supported LTS versions and latest
-        java: [ 21, 24 ]
+        java: [ 21, 25 ]
     name: macOS aarch64 Java SE ${{ matrix.java }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install libomp for XGBoost
+        run: brew install libomp
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
-        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
+        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.5.0
         with:
           website: oracle.com
           release: ${{ matrix.java }}
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ jobs:
     name: macOS aarch64 Java SE 17
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install libomp for XGBoost
+        run: brew install libomp
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
         uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-macos-x64.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-macos-x64.yml
index 395ad5df6..be07c8582 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-macos-x64.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-macos-x64.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 
-name: Tribuo CI (macOS x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 24)
+name: Tribuo CI (macOS x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 25)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # test against supported LTS versions and latest
-        java: [ 21, 24 ]
+        java: [ 21, 25 ]
     name: macOS x86_64 Java SE ${{ matrix.java }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install libomp for XGBoost
+        run: brew install libomp
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
-        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
+        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.5.0
         with:
           website: oracle.com
           release: ${{ matrix.java }}
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ jobs:
     name: macOS x86_64 Java SE 17
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install libomp for XGBoost
+        run: brew install libomp
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
         uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
         with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-aarch64.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-aarch64.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63aa7b08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-aarch64.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
+# For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
+
+name: Tribuo CI (Ubuntu aarch64, Java SE 21, 25)
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        # test against supported LTS versions and latest
+        java: [ 21, 25 ]
+    name: Ubuntu Java SE ${{ matrix.java }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
+        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.5.0
+        with:
+          website: oracle.com
+          release: ${{ matrix.java }}
+      - name: Build with Maven
+        run: mvn -B package --file pom.xml -Parm
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-x64.yml
similarity index 89%
rename from .github/workflows/maven-ubuntu.yml
rename to .github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-x64.yml
index 8ff4d395d..d044865c3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-ubuntu-x64.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 
-name: Tribuo CI (Ubuntu x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 24)
+name: Tribuo CI (Ubuntu x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 25)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # test against supported LTS versions and latest
-        java: [ 21, 24 ]
+        java: [ 21, 25 ]
     name: Ubuntu Java SE ${{ matrix.java }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
-        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
+        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.5.0
         with:
           website: oracle.com
           release: ${{ matrix.java }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/maven-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/maven-windows.yml
index e16b6e6b6..dd254eb7d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-windows.yml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 
-name: Tribuo CI (Windows x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 24)
+name: Tribuo CI (Windows x86_64, Java SE 17, 21, 25)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         # test against supported LTS versions and latest
-        java: [ 21, 24 ]
+        java: [ 21, 25 ]
     name: Windows Java SE ${{ matrix.java }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Oracle Java SE
-        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.4.1
+        uses: oracle-actions/setup-java@v1.5.0
         with:
           website: oracle.com
           release: ${{ matrix.java }}
diff --git a/AnomalyDetection/pom.xml b/AnomalyDetection/pom.xml
index 9d3cf0097..3ef07007a 100644
--- a/AnomalyDetection/pom.xml
+++ b/AnomalyDetection/pom.xml
@@ -65,42 +65,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Classification/DecisionTree/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/dtree/TestClassificationEnsembles.java b/Classification/DecisionTree/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/dtree/TestClassificationEnsembles.java
index c3055aecb..faf13e315 100644
--- a/Classification/DecisionTree/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/dtree/TestClassificationEnsembles.java
+++ b/Classification/DecisionTree/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/dtree/TestClassificationEnsembles.java
@@ -127,6 +127,29 @@ public Model<Label> testBagging(Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p) {
         return m;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Tests parallel bagging with 2 threads to exercise the parallel training
+     * codepath.
+     * @param p The train/test dataset pair.
+     * @return The trained model.
+     */
+    public Model<Label> testBaggingParallel(
+            Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p) {
+        BaggingTrainer<Label> parallelBagT = new BaggingTrainer<>(t,
+                new VotingCombiner(), 10, Trainer.DEFAULT_SEED, 2);
+        Model<Label> m = parallelBagT.train(p.getA());
+        LabelEvaluator e = new LabelEvaluator();
+        LabelEvaluation evaluation = e.evaluate(m,p.getB());
+        Map<String, List<Pair<String,Double>>> features =
+                m.getTopFeatures(3);
+        Assertions.assertNotNull(features);
+        Assertions.assertFalse(features.isEmpty());
+        features = m.getTopFeatures(-1);
+        Assertions.assertNotNull(features);
+        Assertions.assertFalse(features.isEmpty());
+        return m;
+    }
+
     public Model<Label> testRandomForest(Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p) {
         Model<Label> m = rfT.train(p.getA());
         LabelEvaluator e = new LabelEvaluator();
@@ -163,6 +186,9 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Model<Label> bag = testBagging(p);
         Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(bag,Label.class);
 
+        Model<Label> parallelBag = testBaggingParallel(p);
+        Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(parallelBag,Label.class);
+
         Model<Label> rf = testRandomForest(p);
         Helpers.testModelProtoSerialization(rf,Label.class);
 
@@ -175,6 +201,7 @@ public void testSparseData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p = LabelledDataGenerator.sparseTrainTest();
         testAdaBoost(p);
         testBagging(p);
+        testBaggingParallel(p);
         testRandomForest(p);
         testExtraTrees(p);
     }
@@ -184,6 +211,7 @@ public void testSparseBinaryData() {
         Pair<Dataset<Label>,Dataset<Label>> p = LabelledDataGenerator.binarySparseTrainTest();
         testAdaBoost(p);
         testBagging(p);
+        testBaggingParallel(p);
         testRandomForest(p);
         testExtraTrees(p);
     }
diff --git a/Classification/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java b/Classification/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
index 8abd566b1..4c437a3fa 100644
--- a/Classification/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
+++ b/Classification/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/classification/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
@@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         Map<String,Object> overrideParams = new HashMap<>();
         overrideParams.put("objective","multi:softprob");
         overrideParams.put("eta","0.1");
-        overrideParams.put("sampling_method","gradient_based");
         XGBoostClassificationTrainer overrideTrainer = new XGBoostClassificationTrainer(5, overrideParams);
         XGBoostModel<Label> overrideM = testXGBoost(overrideTrainer,p);
 
@@ -253,7 +252,6 @@ public void testDenseData() {
         assertEquals(overrideParams.size(), overrideMap.size());
         assertEquals(overrideParams.get("objective"), overrideMap.get("objective").getValue());
         assertEquals(overrideParams.get("eta"), overrideMap.get("eta").getValue());
-        assertEquals(overrideParams.get("sampling_method"), overrideMap.get("sampling_method").getValue());
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/Classification/pom.xml b/Classification/pom.xml
index 0afa50516..acb7b9ee3 100644
--- a/Classification/pom.xml
+++ b/Classification/pom.xml
@@ -72,42 +72,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Clustering/pom.xml b/Clustering/pom.xml
index d0cc095a4..bc7e98713 100644
--- a/Clustering/pom.xml
+++ b/Clustering/pom.xml
@@ -66,42 +66,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Common/XGBoost/pom.xml b/Common/XGBoost/pom.xml
index f960da8ba..52c4fd409 100644
--- a/Common/XGBoost/pom.xml
+++ b/Common/XGBoost/pom.xml
@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@
                     <groupId>org.scala-lang.modules</groupId>
                     <artifactId>scala-java8-compat_2.12</artifactId>
                 </exclusion>
+                <exclusion>
+                    <groupId>org.scala-lang.modules</groupId>
+                    <artifactId>scala-collection-compat_2.12</artifactId>
+                </exclusion>
                 <exclusion>
                     <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
                     <artifactId>scala-compiler</artifactId>
diff --git a/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostExternalModel.java b/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostExternalModel.java
index 4c15d05e3..6d5758dee 100644
--- a/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostExternalModel.java
+++ b/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostExternalModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ public Map<String, List<Pair<String, Double>>> getTopFeatures(int n) {
                 }
             }
             List<Pair<String,Double>> list = new ArrayList<>();
-            while(q.size() > 0) {
+            while(!q.isEmpty()) {
                 list.add(q.poll());
             }
             Collections.reverse(list);
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public ModelProto serialize() {
             Collectors.toList()));
         modelBuilder.addAllBackwardFeatureMapping(Arrays.stream(featureBackwardMapping).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList()));
         try {
-            modelBuilder.setModel(ByteString.copyFrom(model.toByteArray()));
+            modelBuilder.setModel(ByteString.copyFrom(model.toByteArray("ubj")));
         } catch (XGBoostError e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to serialize XGBoost model");
         }
diff --git a/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostModel.java b/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostModel.java
index dcf604146..96817a144 100644
--- a/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostModel.java
+++ b/Common/XGBoost/src/main/java/org/tribuo/common/xgboost/XGBoostModel.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ public Map<String, List<Pair<String,Double>>> getTopFeatures(int n) {
                     }
                 }
                 List<Pair<String,Double>> list = new ArrayList<>();
-                while(q.size() > 0) {
+                while(!q.isEmpty()) {
                     list.add(q.poll());
                 }
                 Collections.reverse(list);
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ public Optional<Excuse<T>> getExcuse(Example<T> example) {
      */
     static Booster copyModel(Booster booster) {
         try {
-            byte[] serialisedBooster = booster.toByteArray();
+            byte[] serialisedBooster = booster.toByteArray("ubj");
             return XGBoost.loadModel(serialisedBooster);
         } catch (XGBoostError | IOException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to copy XGBoost model.",e);
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ public ModelProto serialize() {
         modelBuilder.setConverter(converter.serialize());
         try {
             for (Booster b : models) {
-                modelBuilder.addModels(ByteString.copyFrom(b.toByteArray()));
+                modelBuilder.addModels(ByteString.copyFrom(b.toByteArray("ubj")));
             }
         } catch (XGBoostError e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to serialize XGBoost model");
diff --git a/Common/pom.xml b/Common/pom.xml
index f8b091df1..1eb78a73a 100644
--- a/Common/pom.xml
+++ b/Common/pom.xml
@@ -68,42 +68,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Core/pom.xml b/Core/pom.xml
index 57b1b8b69..19f904639 100644
--- a/Core/pom.xml
+++ b/Core/pom.xml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                 <artifactId>templating-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>1.0.0</version>
+                <version>3.0.0</version>
                 <executions>
                     <execution>
                         <id>filtering-java-templates</id>
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/ensemble/BaggingTrainer.java b/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/ensemble/BaggingTrainer.java
index 765e07dd2..2c02035f5 100644
--- a/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/ensemble/BaggingTrainer.java
+++ b/Core/src/main/java/org/tribuo/ensemble/BaggingTrainer.java
@@ -33,8 +33,14 @@
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.SplittableRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
 /**
@@ -52,9 +58,16 @@
  * @param <T> The prediction type.
  */
 public class BaggingTrainer<T extends Output<T>> implements Trainer<T> {
-    
+
     private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BaggingTrainer.class.getName());
 
+    // Thread factory for ensemble training, uses low priority to avoid starving other operations
+    private static final ThreadFactory LOW_PRIORITY_THREAD_FACTORY = r -> {
+        Thread t = new Thread(r);
+        t.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
+        return t;
+    };
+
     @Config(mandatory=true, description="The trainer to use for each ensemble member.")
     protected Trainer<T> innerTrainer;
 
@@ -67,6 +80,9 @@ public class BaggingTrainer<T extends Output<T>> implements Trainer<T> {
     @Config(mandatory=true, description="The combination function to aggregate each ensemble member's outputs.")
     protected EnsembleCombiner<T> combiner;
 
+    @Config(description="The number of threads to use for training. Defaults to 1 (single-threaded). Set to -1 to use all available processors.")
+    protected int numThreads = 1;
+
     protected SplittableRandom rng;
 
     protected int trainInvocationCounter;
@@ -98,6 +114,24 @@ public BaggingTrainer(Trainer<T> trainer, EnsembleCombiner<T> combiner, int numM
         this.combiner = combiner;
         this.numMembers = numMembers;
         this.seed = seed;
+        this.numThreads = 1;
+        postConfig();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a bagging trainer with the supplied parameters and thread count.
+     * @param trainer The ensemble member trainer.
+     * @param combiner The combination function.
+     * @param numMembers The number of ensemble members to train.
+     * @param seed The RNG seed used to bootstrap the datasets.
+     * @param numThreads The number of threads to use for parallel training. Set to -1 to use all available processors, 1 for single-threaded.
+     */
+    public BaggingTrainer(Trainer<T> trainer, EnsembleCombiner<T> combiner, int numMembers, long seed, int numThreads) {
+        this.innerTrainer = trainer;
+        this.combiner = combiner;
+        this.numMembers = numMembers;
+        this.seed = seed;
+        this.numThreads = numThreads;
         postConfig();
     }
 
@@ -160,17 +194,94 @@ public EnsembleModel<T> train(Dataset<T> examples, Map<String, Provenance> runPr
         }
         ImmutableFeatureMap featureIDs = examples.getFeatureIDMap();
         ImmutableOutputInfo<T> labelIDs = examples.getOutputIDInfo();
-        ArrayList<Model<T>> models = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        int initialInovcation = innerTrainer.getInvocationCount();
+        // Determine number of threads
+        int threads = (numThreads == -1) ? Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() : numThreads;
+
+        // Pre-generate all random seeds - this maintains reproducibility
+        int[] seeds = new int[numMembers];
         for (int i = 0; i < numMembers; i++) {
-            logger.info("Building model " + i);
-            models.add(trainSingleModel(examples,featureIDs,labelIDs,localRNG.nextInt(),runProvenance, initialInovcation + i));
+            seeds[i] = localRNG.nextInt();
+        }
+
+        // Train models either single-threaded or multi-threaded
+        ArrayList<Model<T>> models;
+        if (threads == 1 || numMembers == 1) {
+            models = trainModelsSequentially(examples, featureIDs, labelIDs, seeds, runProvenance);
+        } else {
+            models = trainModelsInParallel(examples, featureIDs, labelIDs, seeds, runProvenance, threads);
         }
+
         EnsembleModelProvenance provenance = new EnsembleModelProvenance(WeightedEnsembleModel.class.getName(), OffsetDateTime.now(), examples.getProvenance(), trainerProvenance, runProvenance, ListProvenance.createListProvenance(models));
         return new WeightedEnsembleModel<>(ensembleName(),provenance,featureIDs,labelIDs,models,combiner);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Trains models sequentially in a single thread.
+     * @param examples The training dataset.
+     * @param featureIDs The feature domain.
+     * @param labelIDs The output domain.
+     * @param seeds The random seeds for each model.
+     * @param runProvenance Provenance for this instance.
+     * @return The list of trained models.
+     */
+    private ArrayList<Model<T>> trainModelsSequentially(Dataset<T> examples, ImmutableFeatureMap featureIDs, ImmutableOutputInfo<T> labelIDs, int[] seeds, Map<String,Provenance> runProvenance) {
+        ArrayList<Model<T>> models = new ArrayList<>();
+        int initialInvocation = innerTrainer.getInvocationCount();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numMembers; i++) {
+            logger.info("Building model " + i);
+            models.add(trainSingleModel(examples, featureIDs, labelIDs, seeds[i], runProvenance, initialInvocation + i));
+        }
+        return models;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trains models in parallel using multiple threads.
+     * Each model is submitted as an individual task to the executor,
+     * allowing for optimal load balancing across threads.
+     * @param examples The training dataset.
+     * @param featureIDs The feature domain.
+     * @param labelIDs The output domain.
+     * @param seeds The random seeds for each model.
+     * @param runProvenance Provenance for this instance.
+     * @param threads The number of threads to use.
+     * @return The list of trained models.
+     */
+    private ArrayList<Model<T>> trainModelsInParallel(Dataset<T> examples, ImmutableFeatureMap featureIDs, ImmutableOutputInfo<T> labelIDs, int[] seeds, Map<String,Provenance> runProvenance, int threads) {
+        // Use low priority threads so ensemble training doesn't prevent other operations from completing.
+        // Model training is typically a background batch operation and shouldn't starve interactive requests.
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threads, LOW_PRIORITY_THREAD_FACTORY);
+
+        List<Future<Model<T>>> futures = new ArrayList<>(numMembers);
+        int initialInvocation = innerTrainer.getInvocationCount();
+
+        try {
+            // Submit each model training as an individual task
+            for (int i = 0; i < numMembers; i++) {
+                final int idx = i;
+                Future<Model<T>> future = executor.submit(() -> {
+                    logger.info("Building model " + idx + " on thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+                    return trainSingleModel(examples, featureIDs, labelIDs, seeds[idx], runProvenance, initialInvocation + idx);
+                });
+                futures.add(future);
+            }
+
+            // Collect results in order
+            ArrayList<Model<T>> models = new ArrayList<>(numMembers);
+            for (Future<Model<T>> future : futures) {
+                try {
+                    models.add(future.get());
+                } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
+                    executor.shutdownNow();
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Training failed", e);
+                }
+            }
+            return models;
+        } finally {
+            executor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Trains a single model.
      * @param examples The training dataset.
diff --git a/Interop/Core/pom.xml b/Interop/Core/pom.xml
index 56e03adf8..80015ef17 100644
--- a/Interop/Core/pom.xml
+++ b/Interop/Core/pom.xml
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/Interop/ModelCard/pom.xml b/Interop/ModelCard/pom.xml
index 8d34205c4..b7fe0bdfc 100644
--- a/Interop/ModelCard/pom.xml
+++ b/Interop/ModelCard/pom.xml
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/Interop/pom.xml b/Interop/pom.xml
index 74d90f2e4..d2cff0f7b 100644
--- a/Interop/pom.xml
+++ b/Interop/pom.xml
@@ -67,42 +67,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>public</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Json/pom.xml b/Json/pom.xml
index 59b394b5c..150f480cb 100644
--- a/Json/pom.xml
+++ b/Json/pom.xml
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/Math/pom.xml b/Math/pom.xml
index 472eb9b11..f86f85b5f 100644
--- a/Math/pom.xml
+++ b/Math/pom.xml
@@ -49,14 +49,9 @@
 
     <build>
         <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-            </plugin>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/MultiLabel/pom.xml b/MultiLabel/pom.xml
index dfc7cddde..f6118ca28 100644
--- a/MultiLabel/pom.xml
+++ b/MultiLabel/pom.xml
@@ -64,42 +64,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Regression/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java b/Regression/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
index 52b26d75a..337672df2 100644
--- a/Regression/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
+++ b/Regression/XGBoost/src/test/java/org/tribuo/regression/xgboost/TestXGBoost.java
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ public void testThreeDenseData() {
         RegressionEvaluation xgbEval = e.evaluate(xgbModel,p.getB());
         Map<String, List<Pair<String,Double>>> topFeatures = xgbModel.getTopFeatures(-1);
 
-        double expectedDim1 = 0.08085670251311738;
-        double expectedDim2 = 0.09825176714451844;
-        double expectedDim3 = -1.1534319157320798;
-        double expectedAve = -0.3247744820248147;
+        double expectedDim1 = 0.9935745192512012;
+        double expectedDim2 = 0.9935745192512012;
+        double expectedDim3 = 0.12715547803068383;
+        double expectedAve = 0.7047681721776954;
 
         assertEquals(expectedDim1,xgbEval.r2(new Regressor(RegressionDataGenerator.firstDimensionName,Double.NaN)),1e-6);
         assertEquals(expectedDim2,xgbEval.r2(new Regressor(RegressionDataGenerator.secondDimensionName,Double.NaN)),1e-6);
diff --git a/Regression/pom.xml b/Regression/pom.xml
index 9f99a60f1..f28cbb6e8 100644
--- a/Regression/pom.xml
+++ b/Regression/pom.xml
@@ -69,42 +69,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>public</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/Reproducibility/pom.xml b/Reproducibility/pom.xml
index 0df7edc44..c4a4337f6 100644
--- a/Reproducibility/pom.xml
+++ b/Reproducibility/pom.xml
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.txt b/THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.txt
index 84277e914..bd54f783d 100644
--- a/THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.txt
+++ b/THIRD_PARTY_LICENSES.txt
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ Copyright 2019, 2024 The TensorFlow Authors.  All rights reserved.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License.
 
-XGBoost 1.6.2 - Apache 2.0
+XGBoost 3.0.4 - Apache 2.0
 
                                  Apache License
                            Version 2.0, January 2004
diff --git a/Util/Tokenization/pom.xml b/Util/Tokenization/pom.xml
index 943b30a8a..ba4603e95 100644
--- a/Util/Tokenization/pom.xml
+++ b/Util/Tokenization/pom.xml
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>
diff --git a/Util/pom.xml b/Util/pom.xml
index 24f938f77..bcd3e8ee1 100644
--- a/Util/pom.xml
+++ b/Util/pom.xml
@@ -55,42 +55,4 @@
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>
 
-    <build>
-        <plugins>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.1</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <show>protected</show>
-                    <failOnError>false</failOnError>
-                    <linksource>true</linksource>
-                    <nohelp>true</nohelp>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
-                <configuration>
-                    <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
-                    <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
-                    <compilerArgument>
-                        -Xlint:all
-                    </compilerArgument>
-                </configuration>
-            </plugin>
-            <plugin>
-                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.3.0</version>
-            </plugin>
-        </plugins>
-    </build>
-
 </project>
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index 4e4d08d39..7f0ed9d07 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
         <libsvm.version>3.25</libsvm.version>
         <onnxruntime.version>1.20.0</onnxruntime.version>
         <tensorflow.version>1.0.0</tensorflow.version>
-        <xgboost.version>1.6.2</xgboost.version>
+        <xgboost.version>3.0.4</xgboost.version>
 
         <!-- 3rd party other dependencies -->
         <junit.version>5.11.3</junit.version>
@@ -157,68 +157,68 @@
             <plugins>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.13.0</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.7.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.3.0</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.14.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.3.1</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.9.0</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.3.1</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.4</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.7.0</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.6.2</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.1.0</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.1.4</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.7.1</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.4.2</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.1.2</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.12.0</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.7.1</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.2.0</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.5.0</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.3.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                     <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.12.1</version>
+                    <version>4.0.0-M16</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.1.2</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.3.1</version>
                 </plugin>
                 <plugin>
                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                    <version>3.4.2</version>
+                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
+                    <version>3.5.4</version>
                 </plugin>
             </plugins>
         </pluginManagement>
@@ -369,7 +369,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.13.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <release>${tribuo.java.version}</release>
                     <testRelease>${tribuo.java.version}</testRelease>
@@ -388,7 +387,7 @@
                             <rules>
                                 <dependencyConvergence/>
                                 <requireMavenVersion>
-                                    <version>3.8</version>
+                                    <version>3.9</version>
                                 </requireMavenVersion>
                             </rules>
                         </configuration>
@@ -407,10 +406,9 @@
 
     <profiles>
         <profile>
-            <!-- Turn off XGBoost and TF tests on ARM platforms as the binaries are not available -->
+            <!-- Used to turn on or off tests for ARM platforms if binaries are not available. -->
             <id>arm</id>
             <properties>
-                <skipXGBoostTests>true</skipXGBoostTests>
             </properties>
         </profile>
         <profile>
diff --git a/tests/pom.xml b/tests/pom.xml
index b760e8ea5..c5a867ea6 100644
--- a/tests/pom.xml
+++ b/tests/pom.xml
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
-                <version>3.2.0</version>
                 <configuration>
                     <archive>
                         <manifestEntries>