When adding support for Gradle 9, the minimum JVM for running Gradle is Java 17. See this issue for more details.
An important distinction was made in that issue that tests can still run with Java 8. We need to explore toolchain to enable running Gradle with supported LTS releases (17 and 21 today, 25 at a later date) while running the tests at all supported LTS releases (8, 11, 17, 21).