diff --git a/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/__init__.py b/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/__init__.py
index 68e249f2..0db9179d 100644
--- a/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/__init__.py
+++ b/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/__init__.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 can be chained together using a pipeline (e.g. `returns.pipeline.pipe`).
 """
 
-from .filter import LevelMap
+from .filter import LevelMap, Mask
 from .spatial import CropToMask, Resample
 
 
-__all__ = ["LevelMap", "CropToMask", "Resample"]
+__all__ = ["LevelMap", "Mask", "Resample", "CropToMask"]
diff --git a/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/filter.py b/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/filter.py
index c4e92235..2f6df754 100644
--- a/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/filter.py
+++ b/packages/scratch-core/src/mutations/filter.py
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from container_models.base import FloatArray1D, FloatArray2D
+
+import numpy as np
+from loguru import logger
+
+from container_models.base import BinaryMask, FloatArray1D, FloatArray2D
 from container_models.scan_image import ScanImage
 from conversion.leveling.data_types import SurfaceTerms
 from conversion.leveling.solver.design import build_design_matrix
 from conversion.leveling.solver.grid import get_2d_grid
 from conversion.leveling.solver.transforms import normalize_coordinates
+from exceptions import ImageShapeMismatchError
 from mutations.base import ImageMutation
-import numpy as np
 
 
 class PointCloud(NamedTuple):
@@ -15,6 +19,58 @@ class PointCloud(NamedTuple):
     zs: FloatArray1D
 
 
+class Mask(ImageMutation):
+    """
+    Image mutation that applies a binary mask to a scan image.
+
+    All pixels corresponding to `False` (or zero) values in the mask
+    are set to `np.nan` in the image data. Pixels where the mask is
+    `True` remain unchanged.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, mask: BinaryMask) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize the Mask mutation.
+
+        :param mask: Binary mask indicating which pixels should be kept (`True`)
+            or masked (`False`).
+        """
+        self.mask = mask
+
+    @property
+    def skip_predicate(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Determine whether the masking operation can be skipped.
+
+        If the mask contains no masked pixels (i.e. all values are `True`),
+        applying the mask would have no effect and the mutation is skipped.
+
+        :returns: bool `True` if the mutation can be skipped, otherwise `False`.
+        """
+        if self.mask.all():
+            logger.warning(
+                "skipping masking, Mask area is not containing any masking fields."
+            )
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def apply_on_image(self, scan_image: ScanImage) -> ScanImage:
+        """
+        Apply the mask to the image.
+
+        :params scan_image: Input scan image to which the mask is applied.
+        :return: The masked scan image.
+        :raises ImageShapeMismatchError: If the mask shape does not match the image data shape.
+        """
+        if self.mask.shape != scan_image.data.shape:
+            raise ImageShapeMismatchError(
+                f"Mask shape: {self.mask.shape} does not match image shape: {scan_image.data.shape}"
+            )
+        logger.info("Applying mask to scan_image")
+        scan_image.data[~self.mask] = np.nan
+        return scan_image
+
+
 class LevelMap(ImageMutation):
     """
     Image mutation that performs surface leveling by fitting and subtracting
diff --git a/packages/scratch-core/tests/mutations/test_mask.py b/packages/scratch-core/tests/mutations/test_mask.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d253e255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/scratch-core/tests/mutations/test_mask.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import re
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from container_models.scan_image import ScanImage
+from exceptions import ImageShapeMismatchError
+from mutations.filter import Mask
+
+
+class TestMask2dArray:
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def scan_image(
+        self,
+    ):
+        return ScanImage(
+            data=np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=float), scale_x=1.0, scale_y=1.0
+        )
+
+    def test_mask_sets_background_pixels_to_nan(self, scan_image: ScanImage) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        mask = np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]], dtype=bool)
+        masking_mutator = Mask(mask=mask)
+        # Act
+        result = masking_mutator.apply_on_image(scan_image=scan_image)
+        # Assert
+        assert np.array_equal(
+            result.data, np.array([[1, np.nan], [np.nan, 4]]), equal_nan=True
+        )
+
+    def test_raises_on_shape_mismatch(self, scan_image: ScanImage) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        mask = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]], dtype=bool)
+        masking_mutator = Mask(mask=mask)
+        # Act / Assert
+        with pytest.raises(
+            ImageShapeMismatchError,
+            match=re.escape(
+                f"Mask shape: {mask.shape} does not match image shape: {scan_image.data.shape}"
+            ),
+        ):
+            masking_mutator.apply_on_image(scan_image=scan_image)
+
+    def test_full_mask_preserves_all_values(self, scan_image: ScanImage) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        mask = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=bool)
+        masking_mutator = Mask(mask=mask)
+        # Act
+        result = masking_mutator.apply_on_image(scan_image=scan_image)
+        # Assert
+        assert np.array_equal(result.data, scan_image.data, equal_nan=True)
+
+    def test_full_mask_skips_calculation(
+        self, scan_image: ScanImage, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        mask = np.ones((2, 2), dtype=bool)
+        masking_mutator = Mask(mask=mask)
+        # Act
+        result = masking_mutator(scan_image=scan_image).unwrap()
+        # Assert
+        assert np.array_equal(result.data, scan_image.data, equal_nan=True)
+        assert (
+            "skipping masking, Mask area is not containing any masking fields."
+            in caplog.messages
+        )
+
+    def test_empty_mask_sets_all_to_nan(
+        self, scan_image: ScanImage, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+    ) -> None:
+        # Arrange
+        mask = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=bool)
+        masking_mutator = Mask(mask=mask)
+        result = masking_mutator(scan_image=scan_image).unwrap()
+
+        assert np.all(np.isnan(result.data))
+        assert "Applying mask to scan_image" in caplog.messages