diff --git a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/Customer.java b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/Customer.java
index 492197fc..98a9f414 100644
--- a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/Customer.java
+++ b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/Customer.java
@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 package cholog;
 
+import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
+import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
+import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
+import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+
+@Entity
 public class Customer {
 
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
     private Long id;
     private String firstName;
     private String lastName;
diff --git a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/CustomerRepository.java b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/CustomerRepository.java
index 879c8fe8..d906393f 100644
--- a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/CustomerRepository.java
+++ b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/main/java/cholog/CustomerRepository.java
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 package cholog;
 
-public interface CustomerRepository {
+import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+@Repository
+public interface CustomerRepository extends CrudRepository<Customer, Long> {
+    List<Customer> findByLastName(String lastName);
+    List<Customer> findByLastNameIgnoreCase(String lastName);
+    List<Customer> findByLastNameOrderByFirstNameDesc(String lastName);
 
 }
diff --git a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/test/java/cholog/EntityManagerTest.java b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/test/java/cholog/EntityManagerTest.java
index 7fbc3638..4d8fd432 100644
--- a/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/test/java/cholog/EntityManagerTest.java
+++ b/spring-data-jpa-1/initial/src/test/java/cholog/EntityManagerTest.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ public class EntityManagerTest {
     @Test
     void persist() {
         Customer customer = new Customer("Jack", "Bauer");
-        entityManager.persist(customer);
+        entityManager.persist(customer); // JPA에서 데이터를 데이터베이스에 영구적으로 저장
 
         assertThat(entityManager.find(Customer.class, 1L)).isNotNull();
     }