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Basic_Linux_command.md

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Here's a list of basic Linux commands categorized by their purpose:

Navigation & Directory Management

  • pwd - Print the current working directory.
  • ls - List directory contents (use ls -a to show hidden files).
  • cd [directory] - Change directory (e.g., cd /home or cd .. to go back).
  • mkdir [directory] - Create a new directory.
  • rmdir [directory] - Remove an empty directory.

File Operations

  • touch [file] - Create an empty file or update file timestamp.
  • cp [source] [destination] - Copy files/directories.
  • mv [source] [destination] - Move or rename files/directories.
  • rm [file] - Remove a file (use rm -r for directories).
  • cat [file] - Display file content.
  • nano [file] / vim [file] - Edit a file using a text editor.

File Permissions

  • chmod [permissions] [file] - Change file permissions (e.g., chmod 755 script.sh).
  • chown [user]:[group] [file] - Change file ownership.
  • sudo [command] - Run a command with superuser privileges.

System Information

  • uname -a - Display system/kernel information.
  • df -h - Show disk space usage.
  • free -h - Check memory usage.
  • top / htop - Monitor active processes and resource usage.
  • uptime - View system uptime and load averages.

Networking

  • ping [host] - Test network connectivity to a host.
  • ifconfig / ip addr - Display network interface information.
  • wget [URL] - Download files from the internet.
  • curl [URL] - Transfer data from/to a server.
  • ssh [user@host] - Connect to a remote server securely.
  • scp [file] [user@host:path] - Securely copy files over SSH.

Process Management

  • ps - List active processes (use ps aux for detailed info).
  • kill [PID] - Terminate a process by its ID.
  • killall [process-name] - Terminate all processes by name.
  • bg / fg - Move a job to the background/foreground.

Searching

  • grep [pattern] [file] - Search for text patterns in files.
  • find [path] -name [filename] - Search for files/directories.
  • locate [file] - Find files using a prebuilt database (faster than find).

Compression/Archiving

  • tar -czvf [archive.tar.gz] [files] - Create a compressed tar archive.
  • tar -xzvf [archive.tar.gz] - Extract a tar archive.
  • gzip [file] / gunzip [file.gz] - Compress or decompress files.

Miscellaneous

  • echo [text] - Print text to the terminal.
  • man [command] - Display the manual for a command.
  • history - View command history.
  • clear - Clear the terminal screen.
  • exit - Close the terminal session.

Tip: Use [command] --help or man [command] to learn more about any command!