I have a come across a couple times when H3_POLYFILL does not produce results. For example:
SELECT carto.H3_POLYFILL(ST_Transform(ST_TileEnvelope(1, 0, 0), 4326), 2, 'center'); -- empty
however, the same geometry works with different H3 resolutions. For example, these 2 produce valid results:
SELECT carto.H3_POLYFILL(ST_Transform(ST_TileEnvelope(1, 0, 0), 4326), 1, 'center'); -- valid
SELECT carto.H3_POLYFILL(ST_Transform(ST_TileEnvelope(1, 0, 0), 4326), 3, 'center'); -- valid