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</head>
<body class="vsc-initialized">
<section class="hero">
<div class="hero-body">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column has-text-centered">
<h1 class="title is-1 publication-title">FEIM-TTS</h1>
<h2>Facial Expression-Enhanced TTS:<br>Combining Face Representation and Emotion Intensity for Adaptive Speech</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="hero teaser">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="hero-body">
<div class="columns is-vcentered is-centered">
<!-- <div class="column is-3 has-text-centered"> -->
<img src="./image/Figure_1.png">
<!-- </div> -->
</div>
<h2 class="subtitle has-text-centered">
<span class="dnerf">FEIM-TTS</span> generates speech from given text script, face image and emotion
ques with intensity.
</h2>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<!-- Abstract. -->
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h2 class="title is-3">Abstract</h2>
<div class="columns is-vcentered is-centered">
<!-- <div class="column is-3 has-text-centered"> -->
<img src="./image/Figure_2.png">
<!-- </div> -->
</div>
<div class="content has-text-justified">
<p>
We propose FEIM-TTS, an innovative zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) model that synthesizes emotionally expressive speech, aligned with facial images and modulated by emotion intensity. Leveraging deep learning, FEIM-TTS transcends traditional TTS systems by interpreting facial cues and adjusting to emotional nuances without dependence on labeled datasets. To address sparse audio-visual-emotional data, the model is trained using LRS3, CREMA-D, and MELD datasets, demonstrating its adaptability. FEIM-TTS's unique capability to produce high-quality, speaker-agnostic speech makes it suitable for creating adaptable voices for virtual characters. Moreover, FEIM-TTS significantly enhances accessibility for individuals with visual impairments or those who have trouble seeing. By integrating emotional nuances into TTS, our model enables dynamic and engaging auditory experiences for webcomics, allowing visually impaired users to enjoy these narratives more fully. Comprehensive evaluation evidences its proficiency in modulating emotion and intensity, advancing emotional speech synthesis and accessibility.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section">
<div class="container is-max-desktop">
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h2 class="title is-3">Examples</h2>
<div class="column has-text-centered">
<p>All of the results were using only unseen speakers including synthesized images.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h3 class="title is-4">Case 1 (Synthesized face from generated.photos)</h3>
<div class="is-vcentered">
<img src="./image/mos1.jpg">
<p>
<b>Text</b>: I think I've seen this before.
<br><br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>From Face-TTS</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/mos1-face.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>From FEIM-TTS (Ours)</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/mos1-feim.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h3 class="title is-4">Case 2 (Synthesized face from generated.photos)</h3>
<div class="is-vcentered">
<img src="./image/mos2.jpg">
<p>
<b>Text</b>: These take the shape of a long round arch, with its path high above, <br>
and its two ends apparently beyond the horizon.
<br><br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>From Face-TTS</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/mos2-face.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>From FEIM-TTS (Ours)</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/mos2-feim.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h3 class="title is-4">Case 3 (Synthesized face from generated.photos)</h3>
<h4 class="title-is-4">
<strong>Generated speeches according to the intensity of each emotion</strong>
</h4> <br>
<div class="is-vcentered">
<img src="./image/mos3.jpg">
<h5><strong>FEIM-TTS (Ours)</strong></h5>
<br>
<p>
<b>Text</b>: Yet the public opinion of the whole body seems to have checked dissipation.
<br><br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered">
<table class="table" style="width:10%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<th>1</th>
<th>10</th>
<th>20</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Anger</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_0_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px;"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_0_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px;"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_0_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px;"></audio>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Disgust</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_1_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_1_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_1_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fear</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_2_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_2_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_2_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Happy</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_3_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_3_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_3_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Neutral</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_4_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_4_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_4_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sad</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_5_1.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_5_10.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
<td><audio src="./wavs/sample_1_5_20.wav" controls="" style="width:200px"></audio>
</td>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered has-text-centered">
<div class="column is-four-fifths">
<h3 class="title is-4">Case 4</h3>
<h4 class="title-is-4">
<strong>Generated speeches using images of characters from the animation</strong>
<br> *All image licenses have been noted below.
</h4> <br>
<div class="is-vcentered">
<img src="./image/Comic1.png" alt="1" style="width:47%;"/>
<img src="./image/Comic2.png" alt="2" style="width:47%;"/>
<br><br>
<p>
<b>Text</b>: Maybe tomorrow it will be cold.
<br><br>
</p>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>Judy Hopps</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/comic1.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
<div class="column content">
<p>
<b>Kristoff Bjorgman</b>
</p>
<audio controls="">
<source src="./wavs/comic2.wav" type="audio/wav">
</audio>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<footer class="footer">
<div class="container">
<div class="content has-text-centered">
<a class="icon-link" href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.16203">
<img src="./static/arxiv-logo.svg" alt="arXiv Icon" class="svg-inline--fa fa-file-pdf fa-w-12" style="width: 100px; height: auto;" />
</a>
</div>
<div class="columns is-centered">
<div class="column is-8">
<div class="content">
<p style="text-align:center;">
The image of Judy Hopps is from <a href="https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Judy_Hopps"> this website</a>.
</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
The image of Kristoff Bjorgman is licensed under <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GNU General Public License, version 2</a> from <a href="https://namu.wiki/jump/FwvVfV6KKseCRXbXOizGfPYMGiAZBDIjhOfg61yRqQGIhMyDC4PmnyHAv2fyVpsyPF1qPwNL8nqb9jH3r8iwFw%3D%3D"> website</a>.
</p>
<hr width="50%">
<p style="text-align:center;">
This website is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.
</p>
<p style="text-align:center;">
This website refers to <a href="https://nerfies.github.io">Nerfies website</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>