diff --git a/W12D2/FanQijia/11.30 Multi-Core & Static pipe. Intro..pdf b/W12D2/FanQijia/11.30 Multi-Core & Static pipe. Intro..pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c3ccfb1 Binary files /dev/null and b/W12D2/FanQijia/11.30 Multi-Core & Static pipe. Intro..pdf differ diff --git a/W12D2/menu.md b/W12D2/menu.md index e69de29..2fd4d16 100644 --- a/W12D2/menu.md +++ b/W12D2/menu.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + [范棋珈](FanQijia\11.30 Multi-Core & Static pipe. Intro..pdf) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/W16D1/FanQijia/12.26 Review IV.pdf b/W16D1/FanQijia/12.26 Review IV.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff9ec13 Binary files /dev/null and b/W16D1/FanQijia/12.26 Review IV.pdf differ diff --git a/W16D1/menu.md b/W16D1/menu.md index e69de29..85dac5d 100644 --- a/W16D1/menu.md +++ b/W16D1/menu.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[范棋珈](FanQijia/12.26 Review IV.pdf) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/W9D1/FanQijia/W9D1-FanQijia-Mem_Tech.md b/W9D1/FanQijia/W9D1-FanQijia-Mem_Tech.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d8f1ffa --- /dev/null +++ b/W9D1/FanQijia/W9D1-FanQijia-Mem_Tech.md @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +# W9D1: Memory Technology + +> by Qijia Fan + +General structure: + +![img1](img1.jpg) + +The main memory is only controlled by CPU (or by I/O with DMA). + +## 1. SRAM + +> CAAQA5 P97 + +- Static Random Access Memory +- Implement by transistors (晶体管) and typically use 6 transistors to store 1 bit. +- The structure is a **combinational logic circuit**, similar to the latch. +- No need to refresh. +- Usage: Cache + +## 2. DRAM + +> CAAQA5 P98 + +- Dynamic Random Access Memory +- Use one capacitor (电容) and transistor to store 1 bit. +- **Need to be refreshed** periodically to prevent losing information (leakage current of capacitors). +- Usage: Main Memory + +### Some techniques to improve proformance + +- FP-DRAM (Fast Page ...) + +- EDO-DRAM (Extended Data Output ...) + +- SDRAM (Synchronous ...) + + > CAAQA5 P100 + > + > 2 **banks** on chip, a clock signal to DRAM, transfer synchronous (同步) to system clock + +- DDR DRAM (Double Data Rate ...) + + > CAAQA5 P100 + > + > transfer data on both rising and falling edge + +## 3. The organization of DRAM + +- Every bank of DRAM is a 2D matrix and consists of several **rows**. + +- Every DRAM access contains two stages (divide the address into 2 parts): + + ![image-20221107184311803](img2.png) + + 1. RAS (Row Access Strobe, 行选通) + 2. CAS (Column Access Strobe, 列选通) + + > WE_L: write enable low + > + > OE_L: output enable low + +- **Multi banks (组):** + + ![image-20221107184311803](img3.jpg) + + - Break the memory into 2-8 blocks (块) that can operate independently. + - Interleaved (交错) Memory + +## 4. The performance of the main memory + +- $AMAT_\text{mem} = T_\text{address} + T_\text{access} + T_\text{transfer and send data}$ + +- Assume that we want to send 4 words and $T_\text{addr.}=1, T_\text{access} = 6,T_\text{trans} = 1$, then + + - Simple Memory Performance: $=4\times(1+6+1)=32$ + - Wide Memory Performance: $=1 + 6 + 1=8$ + - Interleaved Memory Performance: $=1+6+4\times 1=11$ + + > Interleaved memory performs better than the others when the word count increase and $ T_\text{access}$ is close to $\text{BlockNumber}\times T_\text{trans}$. + +### Avoiding Bank Conflicts + +- S/W: loop interchange or declaring array not power of 2 +- H/W: Prime number of banks (in the following part?). + +### Fast Bank Number and CRT + +> will be introduced in the next class diff --git a/W9D1/FanQijia/img1.jpg b/W9D1/FanQijia/img1.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..08d7bc0 Binary files /dev/null and b/W9D1/FanQijia/img1.jpg differ diff --git a/W9D1/FanQijia/img2.png b/W9D1/FanQijia/img2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17118dd Binary files /dev/null and b/W9D1/FanQijia/img2.png differ diff --git a/W9D1/FanQijia/img3.jpg b/W9D1/FanQijia/img3.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a40b1 Binary files /dev/null and b/W9D1/FanQijia/img3.jpg differ diff --git a/W9D1/menu.md b/W9D1/menu.md index e69de29..28a76e0 100644 --- a/W9D1/menu.md +++ b/W9D1/menu.md @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +[范棋珈](FanQijia/W9D1-FanQijia-Mem_Tech.md) \ No newline at end of file